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science k.o. > YR 8 - Chemistry [Pure + Impure Substances] > Flashcards

YR 8 - Chemistry [Pure + Impure Substances] Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the physical states of matter?

A

The three physical states of matter are solids, liquids and gases.

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2
Q

What do the physical properties of a substance tell us?

A

The physical properties of a substance tells us its state (whether its a solid, liquid or gas).

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3
Q

What are the three properties of a substance?

A

The way a substance looks, feels or behaves is called a property of that substance.

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4
Q

What is the smallest particle of an element?

A

An atom is the smallest particle of an element.

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5
Q

What is an element?

A

An element is a substance made of one type of atom.

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6
Q

What is the periodic table?

A

The periodic table is a lost of the elements and their chemical symbols. Metals are on the left and centre and non-metals are on the right hand side of the periodic table.

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7
Q

What is a compound?

A

A compound is a chemical substance made of two or more different elements that are chemically joined together. E.g. When burnt, magnesium reacts with oxygen in the air to make magnesium oxide.

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8
Q

What is a mixture?

A

A mixture is made of two or more different elements or compounds that are not chemically bonded together.

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9
Q

How can mixtures be separated?

A

Mixtures can be separated by physical processes such as filtration, crystallisation, simple distillation, fractional distillation and chromatography.

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10
Q

What are some of examples of mixtures?

A

Examples of mixtures include air, sea water, iron and sulphur and solutions formed when a solute dissolves.

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11
Q

What can physical properties identify?

A

Physical properties can be used to identify a pure substance such as colour, odour, density, melting temperature, boiling temperature and solubility.

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12
Q

What is a solute?

A

A solute is the substance that dissolves in a liquid.

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13
Q

What is a solvent?

A

A solvent is the liquid that dissolves a solute.

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14
Q

What is a solution?

A

A solution is a mixture of a solute in a solvent. So solute + solvent = solution.

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15
Q

How do you know if a substance is soluble?

A

A substance is soluble if it is able to dissolve in a liquid.

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16
Q

How do you know if a substance is insoluble?

A

A substance is insoluble if it is unable to dissolve in a liquid.

17
Q

What does the solubility of a substance refer to?

A

The solubility of a substance refers yo how well it dissolves.

18
Q

What is crystallisation used for?

A

Crystallisation is used to obtain salt crystals like blue copper sulphate crystals by gently evaporating the water out of the solution.

19
Q

Why does filtration work?

A

Filtration works because the insoluble solid particles are too large to go through the small holes on the filter paper.

20
Q

What is the filtrate?

A

The filtrate is the liquid in the conical flask.

21
Q

What is the residue?

A

Residue is the solid on the filter paper.

22
Q

What is used in filtration?

A

Filter paper, funnel and conical flask are used during filtration.

23
Q

What happens in evaporation?

A

The liquid evaporates into the air and turns into a gas in evaporation.

24
Q

How can we use distillation?

A

Distillation can be used to separate a mixture of two or more liquids or a mixture of a soluble solid from a liquid.

25
Q

What does distillation involve?

A

Distillation involves heating, evaporation, condensation and collection of the liquids or fractions.

26
Q

What does a condenser do?

A

A condenser cools down the gas during distillation into a liquid.

27
Q

When is chromatography useful?

A

Chromatography is useful when you want to separate a mixture of several solids that are soluble.

28
Q

If the dye is more soluble in chromatography, what happens?

A

During chromatography, the more soluble the dye the further it will travel up the paper when dissolved in water.

science k.o. (10 decks)

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