YR 8 - Biology [Breathing + Respiration]

Question 1

What structure in the body is made of tissue and carries out a specific function

Answer 1

Organs are structures in the body made of tissues and carrying out a specific function.

Question 2

What are the lungs function?

Answer 2

The lungs function is to absorb oxygen from the air and remove carbon dioxide from the body.

Question 3

What protects the lungs?

Answer 3

Ribs protect the lungs.

Question 4

What muscles are used to breath?

Answer 4

The intercostal muscle and the diaphragm are the muscles used to breath.

Question 5

What is the function of the trachea?

Answer 5

The trachea is wrapped in a c-shaped cartilage which keeps the windpipe open during ventilation.

Question 6

What is the site of gas exchange?

Answer 6

The alveoli are the sites of the gas exchange.

Question 7

What happens in the alveoli?

Answer 7

In the alveoli oxygen passes into the blood and carbon dioxide is removed from the blood.

Question 8

During inhalation what muscle contracts and how does this help?

Answer 8

During inhalation the intercostal muscles contract, the diaphragm contracts and the pressure in the lungs is reduced causing air to be drawn in.

Question 9

During exhalation what muscle relaxes and how does this help?

Answer 9

During exhalation the intercostal muscles relaxes, the diaphragm relaxes and the pressure in the lungs increases forcing air out of the lungs.

Question 10

How have the alveoli adapted for gas exchange?

Answer 10

The alveoli are adapted for gas exchange by having a large surface area, a rich blood supply and thin walls.

Question 11

What is respiration?

Answer 11

Respiration is a chemical reaction releasing energy from glucose.

Question 12

What is the chemical reaction for aerobic respiration

Answer 12

The chemical reaction for aerobic respiration is:
Oxygen + glucose —> carbon dioxide + water.

Question 13

What is asthma and what does it do?

Answer 13

Asthma is a potentially life threatening disease which causes constriction of airways.

Question 14

Increasing a person’s activity rate does what?

Answer 14

Increasing a persons activity rate increases both their rate of breathing and the volume they need to breathe.

Question 15

What diseases can smoking cause?

Answer 15

Smoking can cause several potentially fatal diseases including cancer, emphysema, heart attack, strokes and bronchitis.

Question 16

What can smoking do to your ciliated cells?

Answer 16

Smoking can cause damage to the cilated cells lining the airways, which increases the risk of bronchitis.

Question 17

What does smoking do?

Answer 17

Smoking reduces the surface area of the alveoli making gas exchange less efficient.

Question 18

What does the toxic gas from cigarettes do?

Answer 18

Carbon monoxide from cigarettes binds permenately to red blood cells reducing their ability to carry oxygen.

Question 19

What are the two forms of respiration?

Answer 19

There are two forms of respiration, aerobic and anaerobic.

Question 20

What does anaerobic respiration do?

Answer 20

Anaerobic respiration releases a lot less energy than aerobic respiration. Anaerobic respiration causes the release of lactic acid which cause muscle cramp.

Question 21

What is the formula for anaerobic respiration?

Answer 21

The formula for anaerobic respiration is glucose —> lactic acid

Question 22

What is fermentation?

Answer 22

Fermentation is an useful chemical reaction used in the production of bread and alcohol.

Question 23

When does fermentation occur?

Answer 23

Fermentation happens when yeasts (and bacteria) cells respire anaerobically (without oxygen) to break down glucose.

Question 24

What is yeast?

Answer 24

Yeast is a useful single celled organism in the fungi family.

Question 25

What is the formula for fermentation?

Answer 25

The formula for fermentation in bread and food is: glucose —> carbon dioxide + alcohol.