YR 8 - Biology [Breathing + Respiration] Flashcards
(25 cards)
What structure in the body is made of tissue and carries out a specific function
Organs are structures in the body made of tissues and carrying out a specific function.
What are the lungs function?
The lungs function is to absorb oxygen from the air and remove carbon dioxide from the body.
What protects the lungs?
Ribs protect the lungs.
What muscles are used to breath?
The intercostal muscle and the diaphragm are the muscles used to breath.
What is the function of the trachea?
The trachea is wrapped in a c-shaped cartilage which keeps the windpipe open during ventilation.
What is the site of gas exchange?
The alveoli are the sites of the gas exchange.
What happens in the alveoli?
In the alveoli oxygen passes into the blood and carbon dioxide is removed from the blood.
During inhalation what muscle contracts and how does this help?
During inhalation the intercostal muscles contract, the diaphragm contracts and the pressure in the lungs is reduced causing air to be drawn in.
During exhalation what muscle relaxes and how does this help?
During exhalation the intercostal muscles relaxes, the diaphragm relaxes and the pressure in the lungs increases forcing air out of the lungs.
How have the alveoli adapted for gas exchange?
The alveoli are adapted for gas exchange by having a large surface area, a rich blood supply and thin walls.
What is respiration?
Respiration is a chemical reaction releasing energy from glucose.
What is the chemical reaction for aerobic respiration
The chemical reaction for aerobic respiration is:
Oxygen + glucose —> carbon dioxide + water.
What is asthma and what does it do?
Asthma is a potentially life threatening disease which causes constriction of airways.
Increasing a person’s activity rate does what?
Increasing a persons activity rate increases both their rate of breathing and the volume they need to breathe.
What diseases can smoking cause?
Smoking can cause several potentially fatal diseases including cancer, emphysema, heart attack, strokes and bronchitis.
What can smoking do to your ciliated cells?
Smoking can cause damage to the cilated cells lining the airways, which increases the risk of bronchitis.
What does smoking do?
Smoking reduces the surface area of the alveoli making gas exchange less efficient.
What does the toxic gas from cigarettes do?
Carbon monoxide from cigarettes binds permenately to red blood cells reducing their ability to carry oxygen.
What are the two forms of respiration?
There are two forms of respiration, aerobic and anaerobic.
What does anaerobic respiration do?
Anaerobic respiration releases a lot less energy than aerobic respiration. Anaerobic respiration causes the release of lactic acid which cause muscle cramp.
What is the formula for anaerobic respiration?
The formula for anaerobic respiration is glucose —> lactic acid
What is fermentation?
Fermentation is an useful chemical reaction used in the production of bread and alcohol.
When does fermentation occur?
Fermentation happens when yeasts (and bacteria) cells respire anaerobically (without oxygen) to break down glucose.
What is yeast?
Yeast is a useful single celled organism in the fungi family.
