YR 2 - core ideology: ECOLOGISM

Question 1

Name at least 5 environmental issues

Answer 1

• air / water / land pollution
• global warming , climate change
• extreme weather events
• biodiversity loss
• deforestation
• melting ice caps - rising sea levels
• water scarcity, water acidification
• increased disease
• overpopulation

Question 2

What is the difference between ecologism and ecology?

Answer 2

Ecologism - philosophy / ideology
Ecology - science

Question 3

When did ecologism begin?

Answer 3

1960s / 70s

Question 4

Name the 3 strands related to ecologism

Answer 4

• anthropocentrism
• enlightened anthropocentrism
• ecocentrism

Question 5

Give key thinker for enlightened anthropocentrism. + book?

Answer 5

Rachel Carson
1962 book: The Silent Spring

Question 6

The Club of Rome group based their Limits to Growth report off of 3 assumptions. What are they?

Answer 6

1. Earth has a carrying capacity. It will run out of the ability to support the population growth when the population grows past a certain point
2. Earth has a productive capacity. Its supply of natural resources will run out
3. Earth has an absorbent capacity. Earth can only absorb so much pollution

Question 7

Define anthropocentrism

Answer 7

The view that humans are above and outside of nature and may exploit nature for their own purposes

Question 8

Define ecology (science)

Answer 8

The scientific study of plants + animals in relation to their environment, with a focus on the interrelationships and interdependence that support different forms of life

Question 9

When did science + philosophy develop a mechanistic world view that was reductionist in its approach?

Answer 9

During the ENLIGHTENMENT

Question 10

Define mechanistic world view

Answer 10

This redefines nature as a machine, composed of independent parts, rather than a living organism

Question 11

Define reductionist approach

Answer 11

The study of independent parts rather than the whole. The world is like a clock work machine which can be understood by taking it apart and looking at the component parts

Question 12

Explain the view of Holism / holistic approach

Answer 12

Nature is a system of relationships + ecosystems, and not a collection of particles / fragments which exist in isolation from each other

Question 13

Define sustainability

Answer 13

The ability of a system, like Earth, to maintain its health over time

Question 14

Which quote by Rachel Carson was took controversially ?

Answer 14

‘’ man is a part of nature, and his war against nature is inevitably a war against himself’

Question 15

What is enlightened anthropocentrism also known as ?

Answer 15

Light / shallow greens

Question 16

what does enlightened anthropocentrism believe man’s role is?

Answer 16

to be stewards of the Earth, not masters of nature

Question 17

define intergenerational equity (enlightened anthropocentrism)

Answer 17

the present generation must not compromise the ability of future generations to meet their needs

Question 18

in enlightened anthropocentrism, what value does nature have?

Answer 18

instrumental value. use to humans

Question 19

what is ecocentrism also known as?

Answer 19

Deep / dark greens

Question 20

what type of value does ecocentrism believe nature has

Answer 20

intrinsic value : value in its own right, which is entirely separate from its value to humanity

Question 21

what does ecocentrism believe man’s role is with nature?

Answer 21

humans are not masters or stewards of the Earth but plain citizens of nature

Question 22

define industrialism (in ecologism terms)

Answer 22

large scale production, faith in technology and belief in limitless growth to satisfy material needs and consumer desires

Question 23

what belief directly opposes industrialism?

Answer 23

sustainability