young adulthood - ch. 14 Flashcards
math as a critical filter
many careers require a strong mathematical background, but math itself is used as a filter to push people out, usually women
sexual orientation
who you are or are not attracted to. desire, arousal, behavior directed to the same gender or the opposite.
kinsey’s continuum idea
scale of exclusively hetero to exclusively homo with bi in the middle. the one for guys went over very well but the one for women did not.
kinsey’s work found that ___% of men and ___% of women had a homosexual experience that had brought them to orgasm
33, 13
storm’s eroticism scale
four categories: homo, hetero, bi, and ace. the first time that asexuality was brought up without being pathological. scored on levels of homo and hetero
klein’s sexual orientation grid
similar to kinsey, but had more variations. past/present/ideal
psychoanalytic theory on sexuality
orientation develops in the phallic period (3-5y)
everyone is born with bi potential
parents played a role (ex; weak father and strong mother)
social learning theory
kids would turn gay via imitation and modeling. parents and teachers influenced sexual orientation
role modeling actually only builds resilience.
bell and hammersmith (1981) social learning
e/r/h/l/p
1500 people, path-analysis model to see influences in childhood on orientation:
emerges in adolescence
romantic feelings are more important than sex
hetero experiences are ungratifying
linked to gender non-conformity
parents had no impact
HINTS AT BIOLOGY.
social construction theory
rejects biology completely. categories are socially constructed based on our shares assumptions and those categories can change over time.
levay (brain)
looked at the brains of gay men and saw that a part of the hypothalamus was smaller. this was replicated in sheep
campario (genetics)
in families with gay men, female relatives have more children, which explains the high incidence of gay men
savig (gay amygdala)
saw differences in the amygdala of gay men vs. straight men
williams (2000) fingers
went to a street fair in san francisco to check the finger sizes of straight vs. gay people. found no difference in men, but lesbians were more likely to have longer ring fingers.
men–long ring
women–long pointer
blanchard (2006) handedness
gays are more likely to be lefties
lippa (hair)
went to price to see if hair went clockwise vs. counterclockwise on the head. 23% of gays had counterclockwise, 10% straight.
KLAR redid this and found 30% gay, 8% straight
blanchard’s fraternal birth order effect
each additional older brother increases the likelihood of behind gay by 33%. each boy fetus is exposed to higher levels of mom antigens, which impact brain development and sexuality.
Bem’s EBE theory
exotic becomes erotic!
fem/male differences in infancy lead to temperament. this then leads to play in gender typical or gender atypical play. as teenhood approaches, the gender you’re not playing with becomes exotic, and thus, erotic.
strain gauge study (Adams, Wright, and Lohr) 1996
measures penile erection. had guys take a test to determine levels of homophobia, then had them watch erotic material with mlm, wlw, and mlw. both high and low scoring homophobes had reactions on straight and lesbian couples, only high homophobes reacted to gay sex.
bing: human sexualities research lab
collecting data on hookup behavior, 18% not excusively hetero with 82% exclusive hetero. not-exclusives have less of a difference in gender roles since gender roles impact attitudes about sexual behavior
expressive vs. instrumental love (cancion)
e: overt, vocally expressed love, grand gestures
i: acts of service
cancion found that women are more likely to be expressive and men are more likely to be instrumental
styles of love (John Alan Lee)
l/e/s/m/p/a
ludus: thrill of the chase
eros: passionate, intense, physical love
storge: love that starts as friendship, hallmark
mania: manic love
pragma: practical love, lack of desire
agape: selfless, spiritual love, giving without receiving
__% of men and __% of women have sex outside of their relationships. under thirty, it’s __% (w) and __% (m).
30/13
11/10
garcia (casual sex in BU students) 2010
181 BU students did a survey on casual sex and their cheeks were swabbed. it was found that people with a version of the DRD4 gene (controls impulse) were cheaters. no gender differences. more cheating in the specific DRD4 group but there was cheating everywhere
micro-cheating
when people engage in contact with other people than their partner on the internet. ex; sexting. different definitions for different people.
CNS
consensual non-monogamy
polygyny and polyandry
multiple wives or multiple husbands
asexuals make up _% of the population.
1
conhabitation
living together with a romantic partner without being married. previously married men and never married women are most likely to cohabit
three marriage styles
t/m/e
traditional: rigid gender roles
modern: subtler gender roles
egalitarian: totally equal (highest satisfaction)
do portrayals of families on TV influence us in early adulthood? y/n
yes!
dual earner marriages
dominant form of marriages today, however this causes problems as there is a work overload for the women, as well as second shift syndrome and role conflict
pros of kids
w/s/p/l/i/a/p/f
warmth
stimulation
prestige
life’s meaning
immortality
accomplishment sense
personal growth
family resources increase
cons of kids
l/w/i/u/r/l/f/f
loss of freedom
worried about well being
interferes with jobs
world is so unsafe
reduces time with partner
loss of privacy
fear that kids will turn out badly
financial strain
adjustment to parenthood
families become traditional when people have kids. can be prevented by postponing kids, less traditional guy roles, less isolation from the extended family
