young adulthood - ch. 14

Question 1

math as a critical filter

Answer 1

many careers require a strong mathematical background, but math itself is used as a filter to push people out, usually women

Question 2

sexual orientation

Answer 2

who you are or are not attracted to. desire, arousal, behavior directed to the same gender or the opposite.

Question 3

kinsey’s continuum idea

Answer 3

scale of exclusively hetero to exclusively homo with bi in the middle. the one for guys went over very well but the one for women did not.

Question 4

kinsey’s work found that ___% of men and ___% of women had a homosexual experience that had brought them to orgasm

Answer 4

33, 13

Question 5

storm’s eroticism scale

Answer 5

four categories: homo, hetero, bi, and ace. the first time that asexuality was brought up without being pathological. scored on levels of homo and hetero

Question 6

klein’s sexual orientation grid

Answer 6

similar to kinsey, but had more variations. past/present/ideal

Question 7

psychoanalytic theory on sexuality

Answer 7

orientation develops in the phallic period (3-5y)
everyone is born with bi potential
parents played a role (ex; weak father and strong mother)

Question 8

social learning theory

Answer 8

kids would turn gay via imitation and modeling. parents and teachers influenced sexual orientation

role modeling actually only builds resilience.

Question 9

bell and hammersmith (1981) social learning
e/r/h/l/p

Answer 9

1500 people, path-analysis model to see influences in childhood on orientation:
emerges in adolescence
romantic feelings are more important than sex
hetero experiences are ungratifying
linked to gender non-conformity
parents had no impact
HINTS AT BIOLOGY.

Question 10

social construction theory

Answer 10

rejects biology completely. categories are socially constructed based on our shares assumptions and those categories can change over time.

Question 11

levay (brain)

Answer 11

looked at the brains of gay men and saw that a part of the hypothalamus was smaller. this was replicated in sheep

Question 12

campario (genetics)

Answer 12

in families with gay men, female relatives have more children, which explains the high incidence of gay men

Question 13

savig (gay amygdala)

Answer 13

saw differences in the amygdala of gay men vs. straight men

Question 14

williams (2000) fingers

Answer 14

went to a street fair in san francisco to check the finger sizes of straight vs. gay people. found no difference in men, but lesbians were more likely to have longer ring fingers.

men–long ring
women–long pointer

Question 15

blanchard (2006) handedness

Answer 15

gays are more likely to be lefties

Question 16

lippa (hair)

Answer 16

went to price to see if hair went clockwise vs. counterclockwise on the head. 23% of gays had counterclockwise, 10% straight.
KLAR redid this and found 30% gay, 8% straight

Question 17

blanchard’s fraternal birth order effect

Answer 17

each additional older brother increases the likelihood of behind gay by 33%. each boy fetus is exposed to higher levels of mom antigens, which impact brain development and sexuality.

Question 18

Bem’s EBE theory

Answer 18

exotic becomes erotic!
fem/male differences in infancy lead to temperament. this then leads to play in gender typical or gender atypical play. as teenhood approaches, the gender you’re not playing with becomes exotic, and thus, erotic.

Question 19

strain gauge study (Adams, Wright, and Lohr) 1996

Answer 19

measures penile erection. had guys take a test to determine levels of homophobia, then had them watch erotic material with mlm, wlw, and mlw. both high and low scoring homophobes had reactions on straight and lesbian couples, only high homophobes reacted to gay sex.

Question 20

bing: human sexualities research lab

Answer 20

collecting data on hookup behavior, 18% not excusively hetero with 82% exclusive hetero. not-exclusives have less of a difference in gender roles since gender roles impact attitudes about sexual behavior

Question 21

expressive vs. instrumental love (cancion)

Answer 21

e: overt, vocally expressed love, grand gestures
i: acts of service

cancion found that women are more likely to be expressive and men are more likely to be instrumental

Question 22

styles of love (John Alan Lee)

l/e/s/m/p/a

Answer 22

ludus: thrill of the chase
eros: passionate, intense, physical love
storge: love that starts as friendship, hallmark
mania: manic love
pragma: practical love, lack of desire
agape: selfless, spiritual love, giving without receiving

Question 23

__% of men and __% of women have sex outside of their relationships. under thirty, it’s __% (w) and __% (m).

Answer 23

30/13
11/10

Question 24

garcia (casual sex in BU students) 2010

Answer 24

181 BU students did a survey on casual sex and their cheeks were swabbed. it was found that people with a version of the DRD4 gene (controls impulse) were cheaters. no gender differences. more cheating in the specific DRD4 group but there was cheating everywhere

Question 25

micro-cheating

Answer 25

when people engage in contact with other people than their partner on the internet. ex; sexting. different definitions for different people.

Question 26

CNS

Answer 26

consensual non-monogamy

Question 27

polygyny and polyandry

Answer 27

multiple wives or multiple husbands

Question 28

asexuals make up _% of the population.

Answer 28

1

Question 29

conhabitation

Answer 29

living together with a romantic partner without being married. previously married men and never married women are most likely to cohabit

Question 30

three marriage styles

t/m/e

Answer 30

traditional: rigid gender roles
modern: subtler gender roles
egalitarian: totally equal (highest satisfaction)

Question 31

do portrayals of families on TV influence us in early adulthood? y/n

Answer 31

yes!

Question 32

dual earner marriages

Answer 32

dominant form of marriages today, however this causes problems as there is a work overload for the women, as well as second shift syndrome and role conflict

Question 33

pros of kids

w/s/p/l/i/a/p/f

Answer 33

warmth
stimulation
prestige
life’s meaning
immortality
accomplishment sense
personal growth
family resources increase

Question 34

cons of kids

l/w/i/u/r/l/f/f

Answer 34

loss of freedom
worried about well being
interferes with jobs
world is so unsafe
reduces time with partner
loss of privacy
fear that kids will turn out badly
financial strain

Question 35

adjustment to parenthood

Answer 35

families become traditional when people have kids. can be prevented by postponing kids, less traditional guy roles, less isolation from the extended family