emo/social adolesc - ch.12/13 Flashcards
biological theory of moral development
morals are innate, it’s beneficial to want to help others and be morally upstanding
freud’s theory of moral development
superego emerges in the phallic stage, where kids get a conscience/sense of right vs. wrong.
piaget’s moral realism (step one in moral development)
4-7 years old. focus on unchangable rules, don’t understand intention, believe in immanent justice/karma
piaget’s morality of reciprocity (step two in moral development)
10+ years old, understand flexibility of rules and intention. ‘re-do’ vs. ‘arguing it out’
heinz dilemma (kohlberg)
his wife is dying and he can only afford half of the cost of the life saving medicine. he steals it. should he have done that?
kohlberg’s hierarchical stage theory of moral development - PRE-CONVENTIONAL (1)
op/m
obedience-punishment = don’t do the bad thing, since you will be punished
marketplace = do the right thing because it’ll get you something in return
kolhberg’s hierarchical stage theory of moral development - CONVENTIONAL (2)
gg/som
good girl = worry that by doing something bad, you’ll upset your friends and family
social order maintaining = you shouldn’t do bad things, they’re against the law
kolhberg’s hierarchical stage theory of moral development - POST-CONVENTIONAL (3)
sc/ip
social contract = if a rule is bad, we should change it
individual principles = constructed your own moral compass that aligns with your beliefs. ‘i’ statements
gilligan’s moral reasoning
men vs. women
men see the world as a hierarchy of power.
women see the world as a series of interconnected relationships.
identity vs. role confusion (erikson)
conflict of adolescence. do you find yourself, or is your role imposed upon you unwillingly?
marcia/erikson’s four stages
id/if/im/ia
identity diffusion: no crisis, no commitment (no exploration)
identity foreclosure: no crisis, commitment (cults, super religious people)
identity moratorium: in crisis, no commitment (many different majors)
identity achievement: in crises, commitment (i know myself)
cliques and crowds
groups of 5-7 adolescents. when cliques merge, they make a crowd.
crabbe (cliques study)
conducted focus groups with recent college grads. asked them to described HS peer crowds and identified 12. rise in academic anxiety, apparent in crowd interactions. fear of loners (shooters)
factors of vocational choice
p/f/t/gs
personality, family, teachers, gender stereotypes
holland career types
really? i am so excited, champ!
realistic: like to work with hands, farmers (Jake)
investigative: like to solve problems, scientists (Mei)
artistic: like to innovate, painters (DaVinci)
social: like to help others, therapists (Sadie)
enterprising: like to influence, CEOs (Elongated Muskrat)
conventional: like to crunch numbers, accountants (Penn)
women typed jobs have lower ________ and lower ____
prestige, pay
gender segregation
female vs. male stereotypes professions with little movement
gender stratification
women fall to the lower-prestige roles of a male-dominated profession
women make ___% of the male dollar, while women who don’t have kids make ___% of the male dollar.
75, 98
ethnic identity
sense of ethnic group membership and the attitudes related to that
acculturative stress
psychological distress resulting from conflict between the subculture and the host culture
bicultural identity
exploring and adopting values from both the dominant culture and the subculture
________ is a big influence on moral reasoning.
culture! (individualistic vs. collectivist)
autonomy is a balance between ____________ and ______________
connection, separation. wanted by teens
adolescent friendships value these top three things:
i love sauce
intimacy (mutual understanding)
loyalty
self-disclosure
early onset vs. late onset teen delinquency
early: inherit traits that predispose them, deficits in cognitive function, usually reinforced by the home
late: show antisocial behavior around puberty, generally a phase, can be turned around after mastering prosocial skills.
jerome valeska vs. bruce wayne
