Toddler/Early Childhood - Ch. 6/7 Flashcards
(77 cards)
the 7 basic emotions
h/s/a/s/f/d/i
happiness, sadness, anger, surprise, fear, disgust, interest*
fear and anger emerge after the 2nd half of 1st year
stranger anxiety
fear expression in response to unfamiliar adults
secure base
point from which to explore, typically the caregiver.
depressed fathers make children feel in ________. depressed mothers become _______.
danger, inept
social referencing
actively seeking emotional information from a truster person in an uncertain situation, emerges around 8-10 months
the 5 self-conscious emotions
g/s/e/e/p
guilt, shame, embarrassment, envy, pride
18-24 months
emotional self-regulation
strategies we use to adjust our emotional state to a comfortable level of intensity so that we can continue to function well
temperament is _________ and develops with age.
unstable
the biological seeds of personality, someone’s characteristic way of responding to the environment. suspected to be biologically driven.
the intensity of an emotional reaction is _________, which is modified by self-regulation.
reactivity
effortful control
one’s capacity to suppress a dominant response to execute a more adaptive response
5-HTTLPR
the genotype that increases the likelihood of self-regulation problems. chromosome 7.
attachment
a strong, affectionate tie with special people in our lives. inherently comforting.
internal working models
a set of expectations about likelihood of attachment figure returning/being available. impacts ALL future close relationships.
sensitive caregiving (ainsworth)
responding promptly, consistently, and appropriately to babies, hold them carefully! if this happens, EMPATHY will grow.
interactional synchrony (ainsworth)
caregiver responds to infant signals in well-timed, rhythmic ways.
scale errors (age 2)
when kids try to do something that their body size makes physically impossible
categorical self (18-30m)
kids like sorting themselves into different groups.
compliance (12-18m)
kids have a clear awareness of the caregiver’s expectations and can obey simple commands
new york longitudinal study (thomas and chess)
m/r/aw/a/s/i/d/d/pa
looked at the temperament types and how they fed into personality. studied via direct observation and a 9 point parent rating scale. easy, difficult, slow-to-warm-up
- motor activity
- rhythmicity (how regular)
- does kid approach or withdraw from novelty?
- how adaptable are they. to environment changes?
- how sensitive?
- how intense is their reaction?
- overall disposition?
- how distractible are they?
- how long is their persistence/attention span?
easy vs. difficult vs. slow-to-warm-up
easy: predictable, don’t react strongly to change, cool with new stuff, don’t cry a lot. easygoing.
difficult: unpredictable, not adaptable, cry intensely, withdraw from new things. colicky.
slow-to-warm-up: in between on most things, don’t like that but won’t react with intensity, takes longer to adjust
goodness-of-fit model and attachment
it’s CRUCIAL that the parents’ personality matches up with their kid’s, it predicts outcomes and predicts achievement.
masai example, disposition
the difficult babies survived the famine because the parents were forced to pay more attention to them.
cupboard theories of attachment (freud, defunct)
babies attach to whoever feeds them. it’s oral stimulation or the babies just associate the parents with food.
pre-attachment (bowlby, ethological)
(0-6 weeks) babies are ready to attach but the parents must respond quickly to their needs to create a basic trust. reciprocal behaviors are vital.
