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med microbiology > Yersinia and Vibrio > Flashcards

Yersinia and Vibrio Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Yersinia pestis is also called what?

A

plague

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2
Q

Yersinia pestis is gram ___ with the shape of ____

A

negative and rod shaped

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3
Q

Is Yersinia pestis an anerobe or aerobe?

A

facultative anaerobic bacteria

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4
Q

if the plague is on the foot what is it called?

A

septicemic plague

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5
Q

If the plague is in the respiratory system it is called?

A

Pneumonic plague

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6
Q

What is the difference between the transmission of bubonic plague and pneumonic plague?

A

bubonic plague is transfered from animals to person while Pneuomic plasue is transfered person to person.

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7
Q

What are the symptoms of bubonic plague?

A
  • sudden onset of fever, chills, weakness

- swollen and painful lymph nodes (buboes) usually in the groin, armpit or neck.

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8
Q

What does bubonic plague usually result from?

A

bite of insect of flea

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9
Q

What is the incubation of Bubonic plague?

A

2-6 days

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10
Q

What is the most common form of plague aka Yersinia pestis

A

Bubonic plague

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11
Q

What are the symptoms of Septicemic plague?

A
  • sudden onset of fever, abdominal pain and chills like in bubonic plague
  • bleeding in the extremities
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12
Q

Septicemic plague may be complication of what?

A

untreated bubonic plague or contact with fleas or skin of diseased animals.

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13
Q

What is the most serious form of the plague?

A

Pneumonic plague

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14
Q

what is the symptoms of pneumonic plague>

A
  • rapidly developing pneumonia
  • shortness of breath
  • sometimes bloody sputum
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15
Q

what is sputum

A

mixture of saliva and mucus

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16
Q

What is the incubation of Pneumonic plague?

A

As little as 1 day

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17
Q

How is Pneumonic plague transferred?

A

human to human

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18
Q

The viruence of Yersinia pestis allows it the ability to do what?

A

resist phagocytic killing

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19
Q

The type III secretion system of Yersinia pestis secrets toxins do what? How?

A
  • dephosphorylate several proteins required for phagocytosis induce cytotoxicity by disrupting actin filaments and initiate apoptosis in macrophages
  • Also supresses ctokine production, in turn disminishing the inflammatory immune response to infection.
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20
Q

Yersinia pestis has two plasmids that encode virulence genes. what are they?

A

(1) fraction 1 (f1) gene

(2) Plasminogen activator (pla) protease gene

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21
Q

What does the plasmid fraction 1 (f1) gene code?

A

codes for an antiphagocytic protein capsid

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22
Q

what does the plasmid that encodes the gene plasminogen activator (pla) protease gene code?

A

degrades components C3b and C5a. The pla gene also degrades fibrin clots, permitting Yersinia pestis to spread rapidly.

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23
Q

Yersinia pestis has another virulence factor that _____ by siderophore-independent mechanism

A

absorbs organic iron

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24
Q

How is Yersinia pestis treated?

A
  • Streptomycin (Intramuscularly)
  • Gentamicin (intramuscularly)
  • Alternative drugs may be administered intravenously
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25
Q

how is the plague transferred in fleas?

A

biofilms in fleas

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26
Q

What is enzootic?

A

endemic in animal population

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27
Q

What bacterial infection is known as being Enzootic

A

Yersinia pestis

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28
Q

The plague has thought to evolve from what?

A

pseudotuberculsis

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29
Q

Does plague survive in macrophages?

A

yes

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30
Q

Virulence of the plague is from?

A

plasmids, faculatative intracellular organisms (invasive), type 3 secretion.

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31
Q

Yersinia psuedotuberculosis causes what?

A

Gastroenteritis and sometimes pseudoappendicitis

32
Q

Yersinia enterocolitica is what type of infection?

A

food-borne infection (under cooked pork)

33
Q

Yersinia entercolitica symptoms are typically?

A

diarrhea and abdominal pain most cases resolves on its own.

34
Q

Vibro is gram _____ and shaped -_____

A

gram negative and rod shaped

35
Q

What are the three major species?

A

1) Vibrio cholerae- cholera
2) Vibrio parahaemolyticus
3) Vibrio vulnificus

36
Q

Vibrio cholerae causes what?

A

cholera

37
Q

Vibrio parahaemolyticus causes what?

A

gastroenteritis

38
Q

Vibrio parahaemolyticus is associated with what?

A

contaminated raw oysters and other shellfish

39
Q

Vibrio parahaemolyticus is common where?

A

In Japan and SE Asia

40
Q

Vibrio vulnificus is what?

A

uncommon but potentially life threatening infections with seawater exposure

41
Q

Vibrio cholerae is gram ____ and shaped as what?

A

gram negative and curved rod

42
Q

Vibrio cholerea is a major problem where?

A

Indiana subcontinent, sub-Sahara Africa

43
Q

Vibrio cholerae can cause what?

A

Diarrhea (rice watery stool)

44
Q

What are the two major sero-groups of vibrio cholerae?

A

1) O1 (classical and El TOr biotypes)

2) O139

45
Q

How many pandemics were there of vibrio cholerae?

A

7 and killed more than 40 million people

46
Q

Vibrio cholerae lives where?

A

brackish and marine environments

47
Q

Biofilms growth of Vibrio cholera is associated with what?

A

chitin attachment (specific adhesion)

48
Q

Simple filtration protocol removes what?

A

invertebrates and adherent cholera

49
Q

Cholera becomes viable not culturable during part of year?

A

possibly due to starvation or biofilm formation

50
Q

what is the pH of cholera?

A

pH 6.5-9 and susceptible to stomach acid.

51
Q

Was is the infectious dose of cholera?

A

large infectious dose 10^3-10^6 cells

52
Q

what is the cholera virulence?

A

-Toxin co-regulated pilus (
TCP)

  • Cholera toxin (ctxA, ctxB genes)
  • stimulate cAMP production (adenylate cyclase) in intestinal cells.
53
Q

What does chloera’s virulence Toxin co-regulated pilus (TCP) do?

A

adhesion to epithelial cells.

54
Q

what does chloera’s virulance cholera toxin (ctxA, ctxB genes)

A

on lysogenic phage

55
Q

What does chlorea’s virulence stimulating cAMP production (adenylate cyclase) in intestinal cells

A

hypersecretion of water and electrolytes

56
Q

Quorum sensing in Vibrio cholerae is unlike other bacteria how?

A

unlike other baceria high cell density turn off the virulence genes adn start detachments of the cells from host.

57
Q

What is the treatment for cholera?

A
  • Rehydration therapy.
  • vaccine with limited effectiveness and not recommended by WHO or CDC

-Doxycycline in adults
Azithromycin in children and pregnant woman

-Sometimes Zn salts are used

58
Q

What is the effecto of rehydration therapy for cholera?

A

replaces fluids and electrolytes which reduces mortality from ~20% to less than 1%

59
Q

Different medications for treating cholera based on age .

A
  • Doxycycline in adults

- Azithromycin in children and pregnant women

60
Q

Vibrio parahaemolyticus is most common cause of what?

A

sea-food associated gastorenteritis in US and general gastroentertitis in Japan and SE Asian

61
Q

Vibrio parahaemolyticus causes what?

A

gastroentertitis, wound infection and sepsis

62
Q

Virulence factors of Vibrio parahaemolyticus

A
  • polar flagellum
  • lateral flagella
  • Multivlent adhesion molecues (MAM)
  • siderophores
  • ferrichrome
  • Aerobactin
  • Thermostable direct hemolysin (TDH)
  • TDH related hemolysin (TRH)
63
Q

TDH is a virulence factor of Vibrio parahaemolyticus that does what?

A

Hemolysis and cytotoxicity; Thermostable direct hemolysin

64
Q

The virulence factor TRH is a virulence factor of Vibrio parahaemolyticus that does what?

A

Hemolysis and cytotoxicity; TDH related hemolysin

65
Q

The virulence factor T3SS1 Effectors is a virulence factor of Vibrio parahaemolyticus that does what?

A

cytotoxicity

66
Q

The virulence factor T3SS2 Effectors is a virulence factor of Vibrio parahaemolyticus that does what?

A

Enterotoxicty and cytotoxicity.

67
Q

What are the cellular consequences of T3SS1 of Vibrio parahaemolyticus

A
  • Induction of autophagy
  • collapse of actin cytoskeleton
  • Destablization of plasma membrane
68
Q

What are the cellular consequences of T3SS2 of Vibrio parahaemolyticus

A
  • Disregulation of actin network, inhibition of apoptosis
  • Induction of cytotoxicity
  • Lack of innate immune activation and ccytokine production
  • Alteation of shape, possible loss of tight junction integrity
69
Q

Virulence factors of Vibrio parahaemolyticus are related to what?

A

adhesion

motility

iron acquistion

enterotoxin (diarrhea, usually self limiting and not as severe as cholera)

70
Q

Capsule formation of Vibrio parahaemolyticus helps in what?

A

dissemination (resist immune response, may lead to sepsis)

71
Q

Hemolysin causes lysis of what but not what?

A

hemolysis of human blood but not sheep blood

72
Q

Cytotoxins affect various ceells including ____

A

phagocytes

73
Q

Vibrio vulnificus is how rare but is also what?

A

rare (~50 cases/yr in US) but highly lethal ~50% mortality

74
Q

Vibrio vulnificusis possibly associated with what?

A

people with predisposed to cirrhosis

75
Q

Vibrio vulnificus is what type of disease?

A

food-borne associated with raw or undercooked oysters

76
Q

Vibrio vulnificus has virulnce factors of what?

A

capsule and various enzymes adn toxins

77
Q

How is Vibrio vulnificus treated?

A

prompt antimicrobial therapy.

med microbiology (7 decks)

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