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Enterobacteriaceae Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the major pathogens of enterobacteriaceae?

A
  • E. coli
  • Salmonella
  • Shigella
  • Yersinia
  • Klebsiella
  • Proteus
  • Enterobacter
  • Citrobacter
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2
Q

enterobacteriaceae are gram ______ with what shape?

A

gram negative rods

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3
Q

Do enterobacteriaceae form spores?

A

No they are non-spore forming

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4
Q

Enterobacteriaceae are ______ fermenting?

A

glucose

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5
Q

Enterobacteriaceae are ______ (areobes or anaerobes)

A

They are facultative anaerobes

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6
Q

What types of bacterial enterobacteriaceae are there?

A

normal flora, opportunistic and obligate pathogens.

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7
Q

How is control of enterobacteriaceae controlled in relation to public health

A
  • water and food safety
    -fecal oral transmission common
    trash disposal like rodents and vector control
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8
Q

How are most Enterobacteriaceae cultured?

A

Most grown on common lab media, A variety of differential and selective media; Macconkey agar, Eosin-Methylene Blue agar, Salmonella-Shiegella agar

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9
Q

Sereotyping of Enterobacteriaceae is on the basis of what?

A

O, H K antigens which are also respectively LPS, flagella and capsule.

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10
Q

E.coli is a common ____ inhabitant

A

GI

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11
Q

E. coli was originally isolated as ______ and renamed as E. coli

A

Bacillus coli communis by Escherich

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12
Q

Normal flora E. coli is associated with what?

A
  • intestinal disorders (diarrhea),
  • urinary tract infections (UTI- most common cause of cystitis)
  • Wound infections
  • neonatal meningitis
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13
Q

How many strains of E. coli are sequenced?

A

61 strains

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14
Q

What are the Diarrhea strains of E. coli

A 
ETEC
EPEC
EHEC
EIEC
EAggEC
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15
Q

Strains of E.coli differ in _____ properties these differences are also known as what?

A

virulence properties the differences are known as virotyping.

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16
Q

What does ETEC stand for?

A

EnteroToxigenic E. Coli

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17
Q

What does EPEC stand for?

A

EnteroPathogenic E. coli

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18
Q

What does EHEC stand for?

A

EnteroHemorragic E. coli

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19
Q

What does EIEC stand for?

A

EnteroInvasive E. coli

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20
Q

What does EAggEC stand for?

A

EnteroAggregative E. Coli

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21
Q

What does UPEC stand for?

A

UroPathogenic E. Coli

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22
Q

What does E. coli K1 strains cause?

A

neonatal meningitis

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23
Q

What strains of E.coli cause Gastroenteritis?

A 
ETEC
EPEC
EHEC 
EIEC 
EAggEC
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24
Q

what is the genomics for K-12 E. coli strain

A

the commensal strain (MG1655) 4.64 Mb

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25
Q

what is the E.coli strain genomics for K-1

A

nenoatal meningitis strain (UMN 026) 5.36 Mb

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26
Q

What is the UTI strain of E.coli?

A

(IAI39) 5.13

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27
Q

What is the genomics for the E.coli strain HUS, hemolytic uremic syndrome

A

(O104:H4 str. 2011C-3493) 5.44 Mb

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28
Q

What is the genomic E. coli strain of EHEC?

A

E. coli O157:H7

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29
Q

Enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) has how many cases and death per year in the USA?

A

73,000 cases and 60 deaths per year in the USA

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30
Q

How is Enterohemorrhagic E. coli caused?

A

By the consumption of ground beef and food contaminated with cattle feces.

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31
Q

Enterohemorrhagic E.coli contains a shiga-like toxin on lysogenic phage with can do what?

A

the shiga toxin can move to the kidneys and cause hemolytic uremic syndrome

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32
Q

What is hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS)?

A

characterized by hemolytic anemia (anemia caused by destruction of RBC), acute kidney failure (uremia) and low platelet count

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33
Q

Enterohemorrhagic E.coli (EHEC) colonization is aided by what?

A

Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron (normal flora)

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34
Q

Bacteroides theraiotamicron does what?

A

aids in EHEC colonization; cleaves fucose from host lycans (mucin); fucose triggers virulence in EHEC>

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35
Q

In Enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) colonization what happens at the tissue surface?

A

Epinephrine and norepinephrine from tissue activate type III secretion, toxin introduced to intestinal epithelial cells- bloody diarrhea (dysentery).

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36
Q

Cattle can be a natural reservoir of ______

A

Enterohemorrhagic E.coli (EHEC)

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37
Q

What are the symptoms of Enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC)?

A

Abdominal cramps
bloody diarrhea
little or no fever

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38
Q

What is the main toxin of Enterohemorrhagic E.coli (EHEC)?

A

Shiga toxin (A-B5 toxin) which is similar to the main toxin from shigella dysteriae (shiga toxin). The shiga toxin (A-B toxin) binds to globotriaosylceramide-3 (Gb3) (found in colon. G3b is also found in renal glomeruli.

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39
Q

Many virulence genes encoded on pathogenicity island 1 in Enterhemorrhagic E. coli is also called what?

A

Locus of Enterocyte Effacement (LEE)

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40
Q

Antibiotic treatment of Enterohemorrhagic E. coli can do what?

A

cause risk of hemolytic uremic syndrome

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41
Q

HUS stands for what and is it life threatening?

A

Hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS), potentially life-threatening complications.

42
Q

What type of secretion is used for Enterhemorrhagic E. coli virulences?

A

Type 3 secretion.

43
Q

Stx (shiga toxin) acts against what? which does what?

A

acts against host 28S rRNA which inhibits protein synthesis.

44
Q

what is the diagnostic of Enterhemorrhagic E.coli?

A

Detection of toxin in stool/culture

45
Q

what is the infectious dose of Enterhemorrhagic E. coli?

A

estimated as 10^-100 CFU

46
Q

IS Enterhemorrhagic E. coli acid resistant?

A

yes

47
Q

Enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) does what to lesions?

A

attaches and effaces.

48
Q

Enterohemorrhagic E.coli has genes for acid resistance with are ____ regulated ______

A

quorum regualted (sdiA) luxR homolog- E.coli lack lux so need Acyl-homoserine lactones (AHLS) from other bacteria.

49
Q

Ethanolamine is also a signal molecule receptor for ____ which responds to _____ stimulating ____?

A

ethanolamine (qsec) also responds to host epineprine which stimulates stx and lee gene.

50
Q

Entertoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) causes what?

A

Traveller’s diarrhea

51
Q

Does Entertoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) cause damage to intestinal cells like EHEC does?

A

No apparaant damage

52
Q

Toxins of Enterotoxigenic E. coli causes what?

A
  • diarrhea similar to cholera but less severe
  • Vomiting
  • cramps
  • fever
53
Q

Enterotoxigenic E. colie (ETEC) is a major cause of child death where?

A

third world countries.

54
Q

Enterotoxigenic E.coli (ETEC) causes an increase in levels of what?

A

cAMP or cGMP

55
Q

Enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) has heat stable and labile toxins which does what?

A

stimulated hyper secretion of fluids and electrolytes.

56
Q

Enteroaggregative E. coli (EAEC) has similar symptoms as _____ except _____

A

similar symptoms as ETEC except has more persistne diarrhea, Mucoid stool.

57
Q

Enteroaggregative E. coli (EAEC) infections are usually what?

A

self-limiting and responsive to oral rehydration therapy.

58
Q

How is Enteroaggregative E. colie (EAEC) diagnoses?

A

HEp-2 cell-adherence assay

59
Q

What are the virulence factors for Enteroaggregative E.coli (EAEC)?

A

-Aggregative adherence fimbriae (AFF I)
-aggR
-fimbriae (pili)
-enterotoxins
dispersin
protease
-siderophores
-several other factors

60
Q

The virulence factoe Aggregative adherence fimbriae (AFFI) for Enteroaggregative E.coli (EAEC) is what?

A

cause E. coli to clump together on the surface of intestinal cells.

61
Q

The virulence factor aggr in EAEC is what?

A

master regulator of pathogenicity island

62
Q

The virulence factor dispersin in EAEC is what?

A

spread across the EAEC mucosa

63
Q

The virulence factor protease in EAEC is what?

A

involved in mucin degradation

64
Q

Enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC) causes what symptoms?

A

Pediatric diarrhea (watery)

65
Q

How is Enteropathogenic E.coli (EPEC) transmitted?

A

person to person

66
Q

How is Enterpathogenic E. coli (EPEC) ‘s adherence?

A

its patchy

67
Q

What in Enteropathogenic E.coli (EPEC) causes attachment and effacing?

A

Actin rearrangement

68
Q

What are the virulence factors of Enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC)?

A
  • actin rearrangement
  • Pathogenicity island (locus of enterocyte effacement (lee))
  • bundle forming pili
  • cytolethal distending toxin and cytotoxic necrotizing factors.
69
Q

Enteroinvasive E. coli (EIEC) has what symptoms which are similar to what?

A

watery diarrhea which may lead to Dysentry (scant blood); similar symbtoms to Shigella infection

70
Q

How is Enteroinvasive E. coli transmitted?

A

Cell to Cell spread by actin tail

71
Q

How is the virulence genes in Enteroinvasive E. coli (EIEC) and shigella carried?

A

by plasmid

72
Q

Uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC) causes a majority ______% of what?

A

More than 80% of uncomplicated cystitis

73
Q

What is cystitis?

A

lower urinary tract infection refering to the inflammation of the bladder specifically the wall of the bladder.

74
Q

Uropathogenic E.coli (EPEC) causes what?

A
  • Urethritis (urethra)
  • but more commonly cystitis (bladder)
  • also Pyelonephritis (kidney) which is the most serious
75
Q

What is urethritis?

A

inflammation of the urethra

76
Q

What is Pyelonephritis?

A

Inflammation of the kidneys due to bacteria infection

77
Q

Uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC) is mostly in what group of people?

A

young girls 20-40

78
Q

Cranberry juice is effective for what?

A

Preventing UTI’s.

79
Q

Antibiotics are given in the case of Uropathogenic E.coli (EPEC) when?

A

After in vitro susceptibility test.

80
Q

Uropathogenic E.coli (UPEC) is generally what?

A

an ascending UTI

81
Q

Uropathogenic E.coli (UPEC) need what for colonization of the urinary tract?

A

Motility and adhesion; witching mechanism is not fully understood however

82
Q

THe virulence factors associated with uropathogenic E.coli (UPEC) include what?

A
  • adherence
  • motility
  • metal acquisition (Fe, Zn)
  • toxin production (hemolysin)
  • immune evasion
83
Q

Pili (fimbriae) can influence what in Uropathogenic E.coli (UPEC)?

A

influence tissue tropism

84
Q

What different types of pili (fimbriae) do uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC) have?

A

Type 1
p fimbriae
and S fimbrae

85
Q

Type 1 pili fimbrae in UPEC is what?

A

mannose sensitive and commonly found in most strains

86
Q

the p fimbrae in UPEC is what?

A

associated with pap gene; is the pyelonephritis associated pili; binds sugar same as human blood group. P- can undergo antigenic variation.

87
Q

the S. fimbrae in UPEC is what?

A

mannose resistant.

88
Q

Proteus is found where?

A

GI tract

89
Q

Proteus is a common cause of what?

A

complicated cystitis and other urinary tract infections (UTIs)

90
Q

What is the major virulence factor of Proteus?

A

Urease

91
Q

The pili of proteus can what?

A

undergo antigenic variation

92
Q

How can the cells of proteus change?

A

from normal morphology to very elongated cells with many flagella.

93
Q

What is involved in the grup behavior of proteus?

A

signaling

94
Q

What is a common feature of growth of proteus in agar?

A

swarming

95
Q

A proteus swarm colony from a spot less than 10 raised to the 4 bacteria can cover ___ diameter in apetri dish in about ____ at 32 degrees Celsius

A

9 cm diameter petri dish in about 12-16 hours at 32 degrees celsius.

96
Q

what is the equation for urease?

A

NH2CONH2 —>2NH3 + CO2

97
Q

What is the equation for Struvites?

A

NH2MgPO4

98
Q

Proteus can block what? how?

A

urinary catheters via biofilms

99
Q

Normal urine pH is what? Struvite needs a pH of what?

A

Normal pH is slightly acid at ~ a pH of 5.8 While Struvite needs a pH more than 7 often even a pH of 8 or 9.

100
Q

Proteus biofilm growth can create what? enhancing what?

A

create microenvironments and enhance mineral formation

101
Q

What is a typical difference between Uropathogenic E.coli (EPEC) UTI and a Proteus (p. miriabilis) UTI?

A

UPEC typically causes an uncomplicated UTI and proteus’s bacteria like P . mirabillis typically causes complicated UTIS.

102
Q

Estimated mortality of infected neonates with E.coli meningitis?

A

40%

med microbiology (7 decks)

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