Bordetella

Question 1

Bordetella is gram _____ with a shape _____

Answer 1

gram negative coccobacillus

Question 2

What are the three species of Bordetella?

Answer 2

1) Bordetella pertussis
2) Bordetalla bronchiseptica
3) Bordetella parapertussis

Question 3

What does Bordetella pertussis cause?

Answer 3

Whooping cough (pertussis infection)

Question 4

What does Bordetella bronchiseptica cause?

Answer 4

bordetella infections in 4-legged animals; used as surrogate for research for pertussis.

Question 5

What does Bordetella parapertussis cause?

Answer 5

Milder respiratory infection in humans.

Question 6

Symptoms of Bordetella Pertussis? How long do they last?

Answer 6

• cold like symptoms (runny nose, low grade fever, highly contagious): 1-2 weeks (catarrhal phase)
• Numerous rapid coughs with whooping sound possibly with vomitting and exhaustion: 1-6 weeks sometimes up to 10 weeks (paroxysmal stage)
• Recovery (coughing lessens, prone to secondary infections).

Question 7

What is the Catarrhal phase of Bordetella Pertussis?

Answer 7

Cold like symptoms that last 1-2 weeks

Question 8

What is the paroxysmal stage of Bordetella Pertussis?

Answer 8

Numerous rapid coughs with whoop sound possibly with vomiting and exhaustion which last 1-6 weeks and sometimes up to 10 weeks.

Question 9

What is the recovery phase of Bordetella Pertussis?

Answer 9

Coughing lessens, prone to secondary infections.

Question 10

What are the complications of Bordetella Pertussis in infants?

Answer 10

Over half (57%) require hospitalization. Of those hospitalized approximately 25% get pneumonia and 1-2% die.

Question 11

What are the complications of Bordetella Pertussis in older patients (teens and adults)

Answer 11

• weight loss
• loss of bladder control
• passing out
• rib fractures (cough complications)

Question 12

How is B.Pertussis transmitted?

Answer 12

Respiratory droplets in the air

Question 13

What are the toxins associated with Bordetella Pertussis?

Answer 13

• Adhesion
• Pertussis toxin (ptx gene)
• AB5 type toxin
• ADP
• and other toxins such as:
  
  • ->Adenylate cyclase (CyA), ——> RTX type toxin
• —–> Trachael cytotoxin
• —–>Dermonecrotic toxin

Question 14

How is Adhesin a virulence factor of Bordetella Pertussis?

Answer 14

Colonization of ciliated tracheal cells (filamentous hemmagglutin, pertactin and fimbriae)

Question 15

How is Pertussis toxin (ptx gene) a virulence factor of Bordetella Pertussis?

Answer 15

It is responsible for most clinical symptoms and the altered form is used in vaccines

Question 16

How is AB5 type toxin secreted in Bordetella pertussis?

Answer 16

Secreted by type IV secretion system, in to the medium in contact independent manner

Question 17

How is ADP used as a virulence of Bordetella pertussis?

Answer 17

ADP ribosylation of G protein of the host.

Question 18

The pertussis vacination is given as what?

Answer 18

a component of DPT vaccination (Diptheria, pertussis, Tetanus) vaccine.

Question 19

One whole-cell vaccine had side effects in ____% with what side effects?

Answer 19

Had side effects in 1% or less with the side effects of prolonged crying in infants and fever.

Question 20

In Japan old vaccine discontinued in 1975 what was the difference in Pertussis cases 3 years before discontinuation and 3 years after discontinuation?

Answer 20

• 3 years prior there were 400 cases and 10 deaths

- 3 years after discontinuation there were 13000 cases and 113 deaths.

Question 21

Vaccinations does what to Pertussis?

Answer 21

decreases symptoms and severity as well as herd immunity.

Question 22

New acellular vaccine is differ from the old vaccine how?

Answer 22

fewer side-effects, still effective at preventing disease.

Question 23

Recommended booster shot (per CDC) for adults and pregnant woman why?

Answer 23

for fetus and neonate protection.

Question 24

How is pertussis treated?

Answer 24

Some antibiotics can be used early in disease:

• Erythromycin
• clarithromycin
• azithromycin
• and sometimes Bactrim

Question 25

When are antibiotics not effective?

Answer 25

When prolonged coughing has started.

Question 26

Treatment of Pertussis gets rid of the disease tru or false?

Answer 26

false it can reduce symptoms and prevent spread.

Question 27

Bordetella Pertussis is ____ associated

Answer 27

human associated

Question 28

Some strains of Bordetella Parapertussis cause ____ disease and others infect _____

Answer 28

cause human disease while others infect animals (sheep)

Question 29

New species are being discovered many which are animal pathogens such as?

Answer 29

B. hinzii-poultry.