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med microbiology > Enterobacteriaceae- II > Flashcards

Enterobacteriaceae- II Flashcards

1
Q

Shigella is an enterobacteriacea that is gram _____ with the shape of_____

A

gram negative rods

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2
Q

Is shigella an anerobe or aerobe?

A

A facultative anaerobe.

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3
Q

What is a faculatative aerobe?

A

A facultative anaerobe is an organism that makes ATP by aerobic respiration if oxygen is present, but is capable of switching to fermentation or anaerobic respiration if oxygen is absent.

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4
Q

There are four species of Shigella what are the three main species?

A

Shigella sonnei
Shigella flexneri
Shigella dysenteriae

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5
Q

What is dysentery?

A

stool containing blood and mucus

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6
Q

Shigella is the major cause of what?

A

dysentery

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7
Q

What is the most infection Shigella species in developed countries?

A

Shigella sonnei

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8
Q

What species of shigella is known for presence in developing countries?

A

Shigella flexneri

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9
Q

Where is the shigella strain shigella dysentriae most commonly found?

A

Africa and central America

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10
Q

What age group of people are more frequently infected with Shigella?

A

children

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11
Q

What is required for transport of shigella? why?

A

transport media because shigella is acid sensitive.

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12
Q

How is Shigella transported?

A

spread person to person (fecal - oral route) but it is also in the reservoir of humans.

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13
Q

What is the infectious dosage of Shigella?

A

low dosage; 10-200 organisms

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14
Q

What are the symptoma of shigella?

A
  • lower abdominal cramps
  • tenesmus (straining to defecate)
  • pus and blood in stool
  • fever
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15
Q

what is tenesmus?

A

straining to defecate

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16
Q

What is the major virulence in shigella?

A

shiga toxin

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17
Q

What is the shigella toxin similar to?

A

EHEC AB5 toxin

18
Q

The shigella toxin does what?

A

Binds to Gb3. THe A subunit cleaves the 28 rRNA and inhibit protein synthesis.

19
Q

Does Shigella contain LPS?

A

yes

20
Q

Type 3 secretion Survive where and how?

A

1) survives in cytoplasm and propelled in to the neighboring cells
2) Survives phagocytosis by inducing apopotosis.

21
Q

What is one treatment for shigella?

A

oral rehydration

22
Q

How is shigella diagnosed?

A
  • stool samples to detect toxin or bacteria

- Media with bile salt.

23
Q

What are the different Salmonella infections?

A

1) S. enterica var Typhimurium (S. typhimurium)
2) S. bongori
3) S. enterica var Typhi (s. typhi)

24
Q

What type of salmonella infection causes the most infections?

A

S. enterica var Tymphimurium (S. typhimurium)

25
Q

What type of Salmonella infection is mostly in cold-blooded animals?

A

Salmonella bongori

26
Q

What salmonella infection is currently having a food-borne outbreak?

A

S. enterica var Typhimurium (S. typhimurium).

27
Q

What salmonella infection is associated with Enteric fever?

A

Salmonella enterica var typhi (Salmonella typhi)

28
Q

Which salmonella strain is known to have a reservoir in humans?

A

Salmonella enterica var Typhi (Salmonella typhi)

29
Q

What is the infectious dose of S. enterica var Typhi (S. typhi)

A

Large infectious dose 10^5- 10^9

30
Q

Salmonella typhimurium has what type of secretion as a virulence factor? which does what?

A

Type 3 secretion;; injects protein effectors into host cell- actin rearrangement- invasion.

31
Q

How does the host response play a role in the virulence of Salmonella typhimurium?

A

Causes inflammation from PAMP recognition by TLRs. It usually causes symptoms but usually clearance of disease.

32
Q

Some products from the inflammatory response like tetrathionite and ethanolamine do what?

A

promote Salmonella typhimurium competition against normal flora.

33
Q

What strains of Salmonella can kill macrophages?

A

S. typhimurium and S. typhi

34
Q

Some patients with typoid exhibit what? which causes what?

A

exhibit genetic changes in immune response possibly promoting carrier state or potential for reinfection

35
Q

How do salmonella macrophages survive?

A

T3 secretion and effectors used to promote macrophage uptake, dissemination (spread, carry)

36
Q

Biofilms of Salmonella promote survival where in the body?

A

gall bladder

37
Q

Salmonella typhimurium has normal flora in what animals?

A

birds and many reptiles.

38
Q

Klebsiella pneumoniae primary and secondary as well as UTI wound infections are all examples of what?

A

Enterics; bacteria of the gut or intestines.

39
Q

Enterobacter occasionally cause what?

A

UTI as well as sepsis

40
Q

Serratia, chromobacterium occassionally causes what?

A

UTI, wound infections and sepsis

med microbiology (7 decks)

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