Yellow Belt Chapter 8: Quality Flashcards
Critical to Quality Characteristics
Quality is defined as the ability of a set of characteristics to meet requirements.
-CTQs are the critical parameters that gives definition to the quality of a product. Usually these CTQs can be defined by the customer because the quality is based on the amount a customer will pay for it.
Why Identify CTQs?
CTQs gives perimeters that are needed for customer expectations, compliance regulations, brand expectations, etc.
Using a CTQ Tree to Convert Customer Needs to Quality Metrics
Critical-To-Quality Trees are created to breakdown how to create quality.
CTQs–> mutliple drivers –> requirements to meet each driver that helps bring the quality up
The CoQ and the CoPQ
cost to maintain good quality products vs. cost of rework for defects
Remember, quality always comes with a cost:
- ) CoQ (Cost of Quality)- covers the expenses associated with maintaining good quality throughout an organization or process.
- ) CoPQ (Cost of Poor Quality)- CoPQ is defined as the costs or expenses associated with defects created by a process.
The Cost of Poor Quality
Cost of Poor Quality is also called the cost for non-conformity:
a.) cost associated w/ external failiures
b.) cost associated w/ internal failures
External failures are costs associated with customer disatisfaction
Internal Failure Costs are costs associated with products that don’t conform to requirements/ quality measures set by the company.
Calculating the Cost of Poor Quality
CoPQ= Internal Failiure Costs + External Failure Costs
The Cost of Quality
Cost of Quality is associated with cost of conformity:
-Cost of Conformity includes->
+prevention costs
+appraisal costs
Calculating the Cost of Quality
CoQ = Prevention Cost + Appraisal Costs + Cost of Poor Quality
The Cost of Quality and Six Sigma
CoQ is inherently more expensive to maintain than to implement 6S initiatives:
- CoQ decreases and quality increases as 6S values increase.
