Year 8 Science | Human Reproduction Flashcards
How are the physical changes which a teenager’s body goes through referred to?
Puberty
What causes puberty?
Sex hormones
Do boy’s or girl’s hips widen during puberty?
Girls
Name the 5 key parts of the female reproductive system
Ovary, fallopian tubes, cervix, uterus, vagina
Define “gamete”
Sex cells
Name the main female reproductive hormone
Oestrogen
Define “fertilisation”
Nucleus of male and female sex cell joining
Define “ovulation”
Releasing an egg
What is the difference between sperm and semen?
Semen is sperm but mixed with the nutrients needed to keep it alive when trying to fertilise an egg
How are eggs transported through the oviduct?
They are carried along by small hairs known as cilia
What is the role of the cervix?
It is a ring of muscle at the entrance to the uterus, used to keep the baby in place throughout pregnancy
What is the role of the amniotic sac?
To act as a shock absorber to protect the developing baby
Define “gestation period”
Time take for a baby to develop from fertilisation
Define “placenta”
Organ providing foetus with oxygen and nutrients
Define “umbilical cord”
Tube connecting foetus to placenta
Approximately how long does human pregnancy last for?
9 months
What happens to the muscles of the uterus during labour?
They contract, to squeeze baby out
State the male and female gametes.
Male: sperm, female: eggs
What is implantation?
The embryo implants into the wall of the uterus so it can begin to develop into a baby
Define “menstruation”
Losing uterus lining
Name the process where a matured egg is released from the ovaries
Ovulation
State the average length of the menstrual cycle
28 days
What will cause menstruation to stop?
Fertilisation of the egg, malnutrition, menopause, illness
What is ovulation and when does it occur?
Ovulation is the release of an egg from an ovary. It occurs on day 14 of the menstrual cycle.
