Year 8 Science | Digestion Flashcards

1
Q

Name the 7 food groups

A

Carbohydrates, proteins, fats/lipids, fibre, vitamins, minerals, water

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2
Q

State 2 examples of food rich in carbohydrates

A

Rice and pasta

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3
Q

What are the two types of carbohydrate?

A

Simple (sugars), complex (starch e.g. in pasta and bread)

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4
Q

State 3 examples of food rich in protein

A

Fish, meat and eggs

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5
Q

What do proteins do in the body?

A

repair tissues and make new cells for growth

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6
Q

State 3 examples of food rich in fat

A

Butter, cheese and chocolate

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7
Q

What 3 jobs do lipids (fats and oils) do in the body?

A

energy store, insulation to keep you warm, protect organs

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8
Q

State 3 examples of food rich in minerals and vitamins

A

Fruit and vegetables

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9
Q

Why do we need vitamins and minerals?

A

Tiny amounts are essential for keeping us healthy

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10
Q

State 2 examples of food rich in fibre

A

Brown bread and cereal

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11
Q

Why do we need fibre?

A

It keeps food moving through the gut, prevents constipation

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12
Q

Why do we need to drink water?

A

Our cells are 70% water and we need to replace water we lose (e.g. sweating etc)

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13
Q

Where can you find out how much energy is in a food?

A

on the label, given in kJ (kilojoules)

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14
Q

What affects how much energy we need

A

age, body size, activity levels

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15
Q

What 3 risk increase from being underweight?

A

poor immunity, lack of energy, lack of vitamins and minerals

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16
Q

What 3 risks increase from being overweight?

A

heart disease, stroke, diabetes

17
Q

What word is used when you don’t have enough of something?

A

deficiency

18
Q

What problem is linked to vitamin A deficiency

A

night blindness - unable to see in dim light

19
Q

What problem is linked to vitamin D deficiency?

A

rickets, immune system problems

20
Q

What problem is linked to vitamin C deficiency

A

scurvy

21
Q

Define “balanced diet”

A

Eating a variety of foods in the correct proportions

22
Q

What is digestion?

A

Large nutrient molecules from food are broken down into small molecules the body can use

23
Q

What order does food pass through the digestive system?

A

Mouth, oesophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, anus

24
Q

How does food pass through the gut?

A

Muscles push the food along

25
Q

How do the small molecules get into the blood?

A

They pass through the wall of the small intestine (diffusion)

26
Q

How is the small intestine adapted?

A

covered in villi (big surface area), good blood supply (to carry away the food)

27
Q

What is the oesophagus/gullet?

A

Tube that links mouth to stomach

28
Q

What happens in the stomach?

A

Food is mixed with digestive juices and acids

29
Q

What happens in the small intestine?

A

Digestion is completed, small molecules pass into blood stream

30
Q

What happens in the large intestine?

A

Water is absorbed out of the undigested food, forming faeces

31
Q

What happens in the rectum?

A

Faeces are stored

32
Q

What is the anus?

A

Ring of muscle though which faeces passes

33
Q

What do bacteria do in digestion?

A

They make vitamins and help break food down

34
Q

What do bacteria in the gut live on?

A

Fibre

35
Q

What is the role of the teeth in digestion?

A

Break down food into smaller pieces

36
Q

How do large molecules get broken into smaller ones?

A

Digestive juices contain enzymes

37
Q

Which enzyme breaks down carbohydrates?

A

carbohydrase (e.g. amylase), found in saliva

38
Q

Which enzymes break down proteins

A

proteases (stomach and small intestine)

39
Q

Which enzymes break down lipids?

A

lipases (small intestine)