Year 8 Science | Breathing and Health

Question 1

What is breathing?

Answer 1

Muscles changing the size of your lungs to bring air in and out

Question 2

What is ventilation?

Answer 2

Air moving in and out of the lungs

Question 3

What two structures change the pressure inside the chest cavity to ventilate lungs?

Answer 3

Muscles between the ribs (intercostal) + Diaphragm

Question 4

What does the diaphragm do when we breathe in?

Answer 4

Contracts and moves down

Question 5

What does the state of the diaphragm do when we breathe out?

Answer 5

Relaxes and returns to dome shape

Question 6

Why does moving the diaphragm down cause air to enter the lungs?

Answer 6

The volume increases, so the pressure drops so air is drawn in

Question 7

What affects how fast we breathe?

Answer 7

How much oxygen we need - the more we are moving the more we need e.g. running

Question 8

What is the scientific name for the windpipe?

Answer 8

Trachea

Question 9

What does the trachea divide into?

Answer 9

Two bronchi

Question 10

Outline the flow of air from the atmosphere into our lungs, starting from the nasal cavity.

Answer 10

Nasal cavity –> trachea –> bronchi –> bronchioles –> alveoli

Question 11

We breathe in (inhale) to take in…..

Answer 11

oxygen

Question 12

We breath out (exhale) to remove….

Answer 12

carbon dioxide

Question 13

What do we need oxygen for?

Answer 13

Respiration to release energy

Question 14

What are tiny air sacs in the lungs called?

Answer 14

Alveoli

Question 15

Define “diffusion”

Answer 15

The moment of particles from a high concentration to a low concentration

Question 16

Which gas diffuses from the alveoli (lungs) into the blood?

Answer 16

Oxygen

Question 17

Which gas diffuses from the blood into the alveoli (lungs)?

Answer 17

Carbon dioxide

Question 18

How do oxygen and carbon dioxide enter and leave the blood?

Answer 18

Diffusion between alveoli and blood supply

Question 19

State three adaptations of the alveoli for efficient gas exchange.

Answer 19

1) Lots of alveoli to increase surface area; 2) Rich blood supply/Extensive capillary network; 3) Thin walls (one cell thick)

Question 20

How can we measure lung volume?

Answer 20

Breathe into a tube placed in a plastic bottle of water and see how much water is pushed out

Question 21

How else can we measure lung volume?

Answer 21

Breathe into a peak flow meter (measures litres/minute)

Question 22

Name 3 harmful substances found in cigarettes

Answer 22

tar * nicotine * carbon monoxide

Question 23

Which disease destroys the alveoli?

Answer 23

Emphysema

Question 24

Which cells line the trachea to sweep the mucus and dust from the lungs?

Answer 24

Ciliated cells

Question 25

What problems can smoking cause in pregnancy?

Answer 25

Less oxygen to baby, can be underweight,

Question 26

How does smoking damage the lungs?

Answer 26

It stops the cilia from working properly

Question 27

What is asthma?

Answer 27

A disease that affects the respiratory system

Question 28

Which part of the gas exchange system does asthma affect

Answer 28

Bronchioles

Question 29

What happens to the bronchioles during an asthma attack?

Answer 29

The muscles in the lining of the bronchioles contract. More fluid is produced

Question 30

What is a drug?

Answer 30

Chemicals that affect how your body works

Question 31

What is a medicinal drug? Give an example?

Answer 31

One that benefits your body e.g. asthma inhaler, paracetamol

Question 32

What re recreational drugs? Give an example?

Answer 32

Taken for pleasure e.g. nicotine, alcohol

Question 33

What does it mean if a drug is addictive? Give an example

Answer 33

It is difficult to stop taking it e.g. smoking, heroin

Question 34

Alcohol is a depressant drug - what does this mean?

Answer 34

It slows down the nervous system

Question 35

How does alcohol affect reaction times?

Answer 35

It slows them down

Question 36

How does alcohol affect behaviour?

Answer 36

It makes people unsteady, less inhibited

Question 37

How does alcohol affect health?

Answer 37

Too much increases cancer risk, bad for brain health

Question 38

How can alcohol affect an unborn baby?

Answer 38

It can damage the baby, cause low birth weight and increase risk of miscarriage