Y8 History Key Terms Flashcards
Significance
A term used by historians to describe an event or person that is important, memorable, unique or relevant.
Monarch
King or Queen, head of the state.
Dynasty
A series of Kings or Queens belonging to the same family.
Catholic
A type of Christian that follows the Pope in Rome, and prays to Saints.
Protestant
A type of Christian that rejects the authority of the Pope and believes salvation comes through Jesus alone.
Excommunication
The act of excluding someone from the Catholic Church and condemning their soul to hell. Authority of the Pope.
Reformation
Religious revolution that took place in Europe in the 16th Century, leading to many countries becoming Protestant
Heretic
A person considered a criminal for their religious beliefs.
Divine Right of Kings
Belief that Kings represented God on Earth and had the right to rule
Absolute power
The complete control over almost all aspects of life that English Kings enjoyed before the Magna Carta.
Tyranny
Single-handedly ruling a country without help or advice
Parliament
Institution that represents the people of England in charge of debating, making, and changing laws. Had powers over taxation.
Puritan
An extreme kind of protestant
Tax
Money that people have to pay to the government, used to run the country and fight wars.
Petition
Written document asking someone in power for change, usually signed by many people
Civil War
A war between people within the same country
Traitor
Someone who commits a crime against King or country, punishable by death.
Industrial
Relating to goods made in factories, usually very efficiently and cheaply
Revolution
A period of great change, in which an old system is replaced with a new one
Population Boom
A time when the population of a country grows very quickly due to higher birth rate, lower death rate, or immigration.
Urbanisation
The movement of people from the country to the city due to job opportunities and better quality of life, causing cities to grow
Raw material
Materials that harvested directly from the ground
Manufactured good
A product that is made in a factory
Steam power
Main source of power during the Industrial Revolution, usually from burning coal
Colony
A country under control of a coloniser, usually must give up part of its resources and its men may be expected to fight for the coloniser.
Empire
A group of territories and people ruled over by an Emperor, who usually appoints people to help him/her rule.
Resource
A material that is considered valuable for a particular purpose, such as construction, consumption or luxury
Exploitation
When a country unfairly takes advantage of people or resources in order to benefit from it.
Missionary
people whose job it is to spread Christianity to other countries
Sepoy
An Indian soldier that fought for the British. Prevented from becoming an officer.
British Raj
Period from 1858 to 1947 when India was ruled directly by the British monarchy as a result of the Sepoy Rebellion.
Viceroy
The person who ruled over India on behalf of the King or Queen
Scramble for Africa
Period of time in the late 19th Century when European countries rushed to conquer as much of Africa as possible.
Potato Famine
Period of mass starvation in Ireland from 1845 to 1852, caused by a disease that affected the potato on which the Irish were dependant.
Emigration
When people leave a country for another, usually as a result of a catastrophic event or lack of job opportunities.
Social Darwinism
The belief that white Europeans white people were a superior race, and therefore had evolved to be more powerful and civilised than non-whites.
Eugenics
Was the practice of improving the human race by keeping races ‘pure’ and preventing the inter-mixing of different people
Plantations
Large scale farms in the Caribbean and American colonies where slaves cultivated tobacco, sugar and cotton
Middle passage
The part of the slave triangle connecting Africa to the Americas. Up to 400 slaves were packed onto ships, where the death rate could reach 25%.
