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Biology > Year 8 Gaseous Exchange > Flashcards

Year 8 Gaseous Exchange Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is diffusion?

A

Diffusion is the movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration until evenly distributed

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2
Q

What are the factors that affect the rate of diffusion?

A 
Temperature
Size of the particle
State of matter
Surface area
Distance
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3
Q

What is the name for the voice box?

A

Larynx

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4
Q

What iis the name for the windpipe?

A

Tranchea

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5
Q

What does the trachea divide into?

A

Two bronchus

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6
Q

What does the bronchus divide into?

A

The bronchiole

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7
Q

What do the bronchioles end as?

A

Alveolus (air sac)

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8
Q

What are the muscles that control the movement of the lungs?

A

Intercostal muscles

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9
Q

What is the process of inhaling?

A
  1. Diaphragm contracts and flattens
  2. Intercostal muscles contract
  3. Ribcage moves up and out
  4. Lung volume increases
  5. Lung pressure decreases
  6. Air moves in
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10
Q

What is the process of exhaling?

A
  1. Diaphragm relaxes becoming domed
  2. Intercostal muscles relax
  3. Ribcage moves down and in
  4. Lung volume decreases
  5. Lung pressure increases
  6. Air moves out
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11
Q

What is your maximum capacity of oxygen use called?

A

VO2 max

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12
Q

What is the addictive substance in cigarettes?

A

Nicotine

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13
Q

What is the purpose of cilia in the lungs?

A

To brush away mucus which contains bacteria

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14
Q

Why is tar harmful to the lungs?

A

It damages the cilia so mucus cannot be removed as efficiently, causing bacterial infections and blockages

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15
Q

Why is carbon monoxide harmful?

A

It bonds to haemoglobin in red blood cells, taking the place of oxygen in the blood

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16
Q

What is the equation for anaerobic respiration in yeast?

A

Glucose —> Ethanol + Carbon Dioxide

17
Q

Why does respiration increase in yeast when temperature increases up to a point, and then go down?

A

The hotter it is, the nearest the enzymes are to their optimal efficiency, so the faster they can work. However, after a certain point the yeast starts to die from the heat

18
Q

What is the formula for aerobic respiration in humans?

A

Glucose + oxygen —> carbon dioxide + water

19
Q

What is the formula for anaerobic respiration in humans?

A

Glucose —> Lactic acid

20
Q

What is the formula for getting rid of lactic acid in the body?

A

Lactic acid + oxygen —> carbon dioxide + water

21
Q

What are the four factors of fitness?

A

Speed, stamina, strength, suppleness

22
Q

What is the optimal temperature of yeast?

A

40-45 degrees C

23
Q

What is the optimal pH of yeast?

A

4

24
Q

What is breathing?

A

Ventilation of the lungs

Biology (7 decks)

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