Year 8 Digestion Flashcards
What are the seven components to a balanced diet?
Carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, minerals, fibre and water
Why do we eat?
To provide energy
For the growth and repair of cells
For the proper functioning of all our vital organs
What are fats?
Lipids that are solid at room temperature
What is the function of fibre?
It makes the contents of the intestines bulkier
What does the daily basic energy requirement depend on?
Body mass and activity
What is the equation for daily BER (kJ/day)?
Daily BER (kJ/day) = 5.4 x 24 hours x body mass (kg)
What is mechanical digestion?
When teeth chop and grind food into small pieces
What is the function of the digestive system?
To break down large molecules into smaller molecules so they can be absorbed by the cells
How does saliva help digestion in the mouth and stomach?
It starts the break down of carbohydrates with the enzyme amylase
What does the stomach do?
It breaks down food with the hydrochloric acid contained in it, it kills harmful microorganisms in the food and it breaks down protein into amino acids using protease
What two products does fat get broken down into?
Fatty acid molecules and glycerol molecules
What is the function of bile in the small intestine?
It breaks down fat into small droplets
What enzyme breaks down fats?
Lipase
What is the main function of the small intestine?
To absorb molecules
How do the digested products reach the cells around the body?
Blood
What remains of the food after it reaches the large intestine?
Waste products of digestion and water
How does the large intestine help conserve water?
Water is absorbed directly into the blood stream
Where does the digested food pass after the large intestine?
Into the rectum
Why is the human appendix so small?
We do not need to digest cellulose for carbohydrates
What is the function of the liver in the body?
It produces bile which helps to digest fats
What is the function of the pancreas?
It produces digestive enzymes
Name three products of the pancreas (enzymes) and what they break down
Protease - proteins, carbohydrase - carbohydrates, lipase - fats
What is the equation for aerobic respiration?
Oxygen + glucose —> carbon dioxide + water
What is the passage of food through the digestive system?
Mouth > stomach > small intestine > large intestine > rectum
What two products does fat get broken down into?
Fatty acid molecules and glycerol molecules
What is the function of bile in the small intestine?
It breaks down fat into small droplets
What enzyme breaks down fats?
Lipase
What is the main function of the small intestine?
To absorb molecules
How do the digested products reach the cells around the body?
Blood
What remains of the food after it reaches the large intestine?
Waste products of digestion and water
How does the large intestine help conserve water?
Water is absorbed directly into the blood stream
Where does the digested food pass after the large intestine?
Into the rectum
Why is the human appendix so small?
We do not need to digest cellulose for carbohydrates
What is the function of the liver in the body?
It produces bile which helps to digest fats
What is the function of the pancreas?
It produces digestive enzymes
Name three products of the pancreas (enzymes) and what they break down
Protease - proteins, carbohydrase - carbohydrates, lipase - fats
What is the equation for aerobic respiration?
Oxygen + glucose —> carbon dioxide + water
What is the passage of food through the digestive system?
Mouth > stomach > small intestine > large intestine > rectum
