Year 7 Microbes Flashcards
What does a fungi contain?
Cell wall, vacuole, starch granule, cytoplasm, nucleus, cell membrane
Give three examples of bacteria
E.g. Food poisoning, sore throats, tuberculosis, tetanus, cholera, typhoid, bacterial meningitis
What does a bacterium contain?
Cell wall, cell membrane, cytoplasm, loop of DNA, flagella
What does a virus contain?
Protein coat, strand of DNA
Why is a virus classified as non-living?
It cannot reproduce without a host
What is an agar plate?
A nutrient rich jelly for micro-organisms to grow
Give three examples of viruses
E.g. Influenza, mumps, chickenpox, smallpox, polio, rabies, viral meningitis
Name the places microbes can enter the body
Eyes, ears, nose, mouth, genitals, cuts
Name three ways microbes can spread
E.g. Airborne droplets, food and water, animals
Why can microbes be useful?
They can be grown
Give a use of a microbe
Bacteria can be used in milk to make it ‘go off’ or to turn it into yoghurt
What is the formula for aerobic respiration in yeast?
Glucose + oxygen —> carbon dioxide + water
Give three examples of fungi
Fungal sinusitis, athlete’s foot, onychomycosis
What is a parasite?
Something living on or in something else
How does a white blood cell kill a bacterium for the first time?
- It recognises it and moves towards it
- It engulfs it by fusing its cell membrane around it
- It produces toxic enzymes and harmful chemicals that enter the compartment and destroy and break down the bacterium
- The white blood cell will absorb only useful material and expel the rest
How does a white blood cell kill a bacterium it has killed before?
- It recognises it and moves towards it
- It produces antibodies specific to the bacterium type it has detected
- The antibodies attach to the surface of the bacterium and slow it down or destroy it
- The white blood cell absorbs any useful material and expels the rest
How were vaccines first discovered?
French scientist Pasteur wanted to find a cure for anthrax. After getting nowhere, he decided to look at chicken Cholera. One time he accidentally gave a bunch of chickens a batch of Cholera that had been left out for a week. They were all alive 10 days later. He tested a new batch of Cholera on the old chickens and the new chickens. After a while all of the new chickens were dead or dying but all of the old chickens were still healthy. He tried this again with cows and anthrax and got the same results.
What are pathogens?
Organisms that cause disease
How do vaccines work?
A version of the disease with dead or weakened microbes is injected into the body. This does not make you ill and is not contagious. The white blood cells create antibodies to fight it off, so if you get it again you will have the antibodies to fight it off
