year 2- booklet 10, 11, 12 Flashcards

1
Q

Nkrumah

A

-Part of CCP
-PM 1953-7
-Moved Ghana to full independence 1957
-Imprisoned 1948
-figurehead for African nationalism

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2
Q

Azikwe

A

-National Council Nigeria & Cameroon 1944
-First PM of Nigeria
-Independence 1960
-Persuaded Br that independence was possible despite ethnic tensions

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3
Q

Obote

A

-Uganda National Congress
-1962 appointed as PM
-Independence 1963
-however was very corrupt post colonial e.g. suspended constitution

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4
Q

Kenyatta

A

-Joined Kikuyu Central Association which had started to defend Kikuyu land
-Pres of Kenya Africa Union 1947
-Kenyan Independence 1963

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5
Q

Nelson Mandela

A

-Youth league of African National Congress
-Arrested 1962 for trying to gain support for Visa and raid of ANC hideout meant he was sentenced for life
-1990 released after national campaign
-Pres 1994-99

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6
Q

Onn bir Ja’far

A

-Founder of UMNO, pres 1946
-partnered w/ MCA
-formed IMP

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7
Q

Tunku

A

-UMNO
-Malays first pm 1957
-increased UMNO’s power through alliances
-Malaysia 1963

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8
Q

Chin Peng

A

-MCP
-militant attacks on farms (malayan emergency)

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9
Q

Tan Cheng Lock

A

-MCA
-anti-communist
-fought for constitutional change
-partnership w/ UMNO to protect malayan chinese

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10
Q

Andrew Cohen

A

-believed in co-operation w/ nationalists
-Cohen Report 1947 detailed gradual reformed power
-suggested CAF 1953 but failed
-1952-7 Governor of Uganda & enc Ugandan’s in govt
-State of Emergency after Buganda wanted separation1955

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11
Q

John Macpherson

A

-moved Nigeria towards reform
-Macpherson constitution 1951 failed
-helped independence

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12
Q

Charles Arden Clarke

A

-Governor of GC 1949
-Brought Nkrumah to govt and ensured him that pushing independence back was the correct thing
-held in high regard and was asked to become honorary governor general of Ghana 1957

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13
Q

Common wealth- political ties

A

-commonwealth conferences every 2 years
-maintained military bases and recruited commonwealth citizens into Br army e.g. Gurkhas
-wide diplomatic network

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14
Q

monarchy

A

-Queen symbol of commonwealth & held meetings w/ commonwealth govt
-Royal family visited
-1965 commonwealth secretary

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15
Q

post-colonial economic ties

A

-London major world financial centre
-attempted to keep sterling area
-informal empire of trade links

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16
Q

post-colonial political ties

A

-GB proud of creating ‘nation states’ with democracy
-GB legal systems
-Ex- colonial officers remained in former colonies to advise

17
Q

Emigration

A

-1946-57, 1 mill left Br
-1948= 25% of Br pop in contact w/ relatives in dominions
-1959, £12mill transferred between fam/friends
-post war rationing, personal connections, workers of the empire
-decolonisation accelerated 1957 so lessened emigration

18
Q

immigration

A

-1956 London Transport employed 4k new staff from Barbados
-115k west indians, 16k a year by 1959
-55k Indians & Pakistanis
-50% London, 25k Birmingham
-1948 Br Nationality Act gave full citizeship to colonies
-well-paid unskilled work available, NHS created 1948

19
Q

Racism to immigration

A

-Teddy boys= gangs that attacked black ppl
-Oswald Mosley= Br Union of fascists
-1962= 90% supported legislations to curb immigrants

20
Q

Increasing hostility

A

-1965= 1/2 refused to live next to POC, 9/10 disproved of mixed marriages
-Tories= we have an ‘afro-american society’
-Alf Garnett gained fame from racism

21
Q

1962 commonwealth act

A

-ended free immigration for former colonies
-work permit scheme: 3 groups (employed in UK, skills in short supply, others)

22
Q

Labour 1965

A

-barred children over 16 from entering as fam members
-1965 Race Relations Act= forbade public racism

23
Q

lasting impact of Br on colonies

A

-anglicised names
-english spoken
-union flag used e.g. NZ
-Anglican church has more members outside UK than in it
-10 mill Br people lived in cw

24
Q

Sport

A

-most dominant remaining impact
-every 4 years have commonwealth games (started Br Empire Games 1930)

25
Br's imperial reminders
-language e.g. bungalow from India -Honours e.g. OBE/ MBE -last night of the proms 1954
26
lessened appeal for imperialism
-1950-69 Eagle informed to not show foreign ppl as enemies and to include one child from ethnic groups in children books -fewer films used empire as backdrop -radio/ docs raised awareness for other cultures -That Was The Week, That Was (1962-3) ridiculed imperial attitudes
27
racism in media
-music to ridicule communities: Lance Percival Maharajah of Brum (1967) -stereotyping e.g. Minstrel Shows 1958 to late70s
28
impact of ww2
-japan defeated 'white invincibility' myth -Well developed African cities became a place of industrial conflict -equality in fighting: black and white fight alongside, colonies expected rewards
29
economic/ social discontent
-some people didn't see developments and disrupted trad farming -GB needs prioritised -TGNS caused large disruption
30
Result of nationalists in Kenya
-Kikuyu held up for 5 years -Patrick Renison moved Kenya towards independence and black maj in 1863
31
Result of nationalists in Malay States
-Tunku= first chief minister of Malaya 1955 and full independence 1957 -Created Malaysia 1963
32
Result of nationalists in Nigeria
-Self gov in SW & E 1957 then in N in 1959 -still remained significant ethnic divisions- Igbo, Yoruba, northern muslims
33
Result of Nationalists in nyasaland
-Macmillan and Macleod break up the CAF (which Nyasaland opposed 1953) -became Malawi -Dr Hastings Banda led to end of CAF- state of emergency called
34
Result of nationalists in N Rhodesia
-Cha Cha Cha campaign led to independence -Federation w/ Nayasaland prevented S Rhodesian influence 1953 -Zambia -36k white people wanted control -ZANC 1958
35
Result of Nationalists S Rhodesia
-Self gov 1923- 129k w settlers -Ian Smith didn't wanna share power w/ blacks -Ian Smith unilateral declaration of indepence (rejected by Br) -Civil War for 15 years -Zimbabwe Created 1980
36
changes that occurred in nationalism
-WW2 saw economic dev and social change which meant growth in skills, knowledge -food shortages etc led to increasing dissatisfaction w/ imperial rule and rise of nationalist leaders