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British empire > year 2- booklet 1,2 ,3 > Flashcards

year 2- booklet 1,2 ,3 Flashcards

1
Q

Imperial War cabinet

A

-1917
-as a result of empire/ dominions demanding rep in govt war decisions
-met twice

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2
Q

Aus/ NZ help in ww1

A

-fought as Gallipoli (1915)

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3
Q

Canada help in ww1

A

Vimy Ridge (1917) and supplied wheat

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4
Q

total dominion contribution in ww1

A

1.4 mill troops

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5
Q

dominion rejection to conscriptions

A

-riots in Quebec 1918
-Australians rejected it twice in 2 referendums

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6
Q

Indian involvement in ww1

A

-£100 mill
-1 mill in middle east, Fr, Africa
-Sec of State Montagu promise for more self govt after war

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7
Q

African involvement in ww1

A

-1.2 mill Egyptians to defend Middle East, 100k in europe
-1 mill ‘human porters’ from BEA fought Germans in Tanganyika
-stimulated independence movements i.e. Pan-African Congress France 1919

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8
Q

Sykes Picot agreement

A

-1916
-agreement w/ Fr on how to divide up the middle east
-Got trans jordan, Iraq, palestine

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9
Q

LoN mandates

A

-German/ Ottoman empire given to allies as mandates under Treaty of Sevres

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10
Q

3 categories of mandates

A

-A= independence in near future e.g. Palestine
-B= long period of guidance before independence e.g. Cameroon
-C= independence not possible e.g. New Guinea

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11
Q

Br post ww1 growth

A

-grew by 1.8mill^2 miles
-13 mill subjects

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12
Q

Palestine Mandate

A

-Middle east important for overland routes/ close to oil
-MacMahon-Hussein letters recognised need for Arab independence

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13
Q

Balfour Declaration

A

-1917
-letter from Balfour expressing sympathy w/ zionism
-promised Br support for Jewish ‘homeland’
-1918/20 violence between jews/arabs
-jewish population in Palestine grew from 60k in 1918 to 175k in 1931

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14
Q

Ireland Home Rule campaign

A

-Home Rule Bill passed 1913 but delayed until after the war
-1916 Dublin Easter Rising crushed, guerrilla war followed, ending w/ 1921 anglo-irish treaty
Dominion status in the south which became Eire in 1937

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15
Q

Iraq

A

-granted independence 1932
-gb had close ties due to oil

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16
Q

Br’s position by 1919

A

+had more territories= more resources
+navy still dominant
+Britons still largely in favour of empire
-debt rose 14 fold
-sell overseas assets
-Nationalism rising

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17
Q

Churchill

A

-PM= 1940-45 & 1951-55
-conservative, imperialist, racist

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18
Q

colony/ dominion troops in ww2

A

-aus/nz= 1 mill
-india= 2.5 mill
-canada= 700k
-africa= 600k

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19
Q

south east asia & ww2

A

-1942 Japan took over Singapore which was Br’s main asian naval base
-Japanese success defeated myth of white invincibility which encouraged asian independence e.g. Indian nationalists fought against Br in Burma

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20
Q

Burma in ww2

A

-occupied by Japan
-anti- fascist organisation (AFO)
-ant-fascist people’s freedom league (AFPFL) formed
-Burma National Army merged w/ Burmese army & Aung San became new Burmese leader

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21
Q

India in ww2

lead up to ind

A

-Cripps mission promised dominion status at end of ww2
-Bengal famine 1943- 3 mill die
-fast withdrawal out of India at end of WW2, 1947 independence

22
Q

Middle East in ww2

A

-Br torn between US economic aid & Arab allies
-Palestine nearing Civil War
-1947 handed over to UN

23
Q

Australia in ww2

A

-openly declares they see USA more important to their security
-1942 Japan bombs Darwin

24
Q

GoIA 1919

A

-viceroy had to defend his actions
-legislative council spit into lower house (104/144 elect) & upper house (34/60 elect)
-dyarchy -
-promise of self govt

25
Simon Commission
-1929-30 -review GoIA and maintain control -no independence given
26
Round Table Conferences
-1930= no INC representation, Gandhi imprisoned -1931= Gandhi attended but tension over the representatives of India -1932= labour or Ghandi etc didn't attend
27
GoIA 1935
-provinces completely self govt -franchise from 7 to 35 mill -1/3 seats reserved for Muslims
28
Indirect African ruling
-rules through existing local rulers e.g. Nyasaland -saw economic development
29
ways to improve african living standards
-Sudan 1920, £3mill Gezira Cotton Scheme -E.Africa 1925, £10mill for rails
30
Colonial Dev Act 1929
£1mill funds for imperial projects but 1930s Great Depression hit and limited this and led to strikes e.g. N.Rhod copper miners 1935
31
White Settler Colonies (Kenya)
-White Settlers wanted self govt in 1920 -excluded Kikuyu tribe from North highlands by using high tax -Devonshire Declaration 1923: interests of Africans to be respected, improved education etc
32
White Settler Colonies (S. Rhodesia)
-white dominant, effective self rule 1923 -wanted to impose racist/ apartheid sanctions
33
Palestine | events 1921-1939
-1921= riots in Jaffa, 200 jews/ 120 arabs died, Br halted immigration -1920s= jewish settlers (supported by a Jewish National Fund) brought land from arabs -1936-39= arab rebellion, 20k troops hung hundreds of arabs -peel report suggests dividing Palestine -1939 restrict Jewish immigration to 15k a year
34
Iraq
-1921 Cairo Conference= GB control military affairs -1922 Anglo Iraqi treaty -1930 Anglo-Iraqi treaty -1932= Iraq full independence but GB controlled oil industry
35
dominions
-1919= essentially self-governing -1922 Chanak crisis= some dominions didn't support Br
36
Balfour Declaration & Statute of Westminster
-Balfour declaration= 1926 -Statute of westminster= 1931 -Br laws were not enforceable in those countries without their legislature, dominions able to enforce their own rules
37
ireland & Br's relationship
-1932 Irish leader asserted Irish independence -in 1937 proclaimed full independence -immediately ratified statute of westminster 1931
38
SA & Br's relationship
-1924 nationalist party in power -many anti Br & immediately ratified statute of westminster
39
Canada's and Br's relationship
-Refused to support during Chanak crisis -immediately ratified statute of westminster
40
Aus/Nz's relationship w/ Br
-1942 Darwin bomb -unfair economic situation -Aus ratified 1942 -NZ ratified 1947
41
impact of ww1
-£35 billion -pound sterling removed from gold standard, returned in 1925 -£4 bill borrowed from US -exports impacted as competitors took over previously GB dominated markets -national debt £7.4bill
42
economic impact of ww1 on india
-grew in inter-war period bc Br increased import tariffs (11% to 25%) which protected Indian industry from foreign goods -1914 2/3 of imports came from Br but war impacted this
43
economic impact of ww1 on dominions
-Canada benefitted and became an industrial power -Gb manufacturers lost Canadian market -Canada focussed on USA -Nz & Aus mainly exported so relied on Br market thus disruption of trade hit them hard
44
Ottawa conference
-1932 -zone of 10% tariffs within empire, higher for rest of world
45
Aus/Nz inter-war years
-cost of imports was greater than exports -as a result ran up debts w/ br during the depression
46
ww2 influence on trade
-11.7 mill tons of shipping lost to U boat attacks -1/3 GB overseas assets sold to pay for war -japanese conquest of SEA cut off raw materials -export deficiency -colonial monetary reserves used to pay for war
47
lend-lease act
-1941 -USA supply military aid -£21 bill debt by 1945 -Br on poor terms e.g. Br give away caribbean military bases
48
Atlantic charter
-1941 -Roosevelt disagreed with Ottawa conference -this was a joint declaration between churchill and roosevelt where they outlined free trade
49
Anglo- American loan
-created by Keynes -1946 -£3.7 bill -terms unfavourable to Br -£ freely convertible to $, br given $ loan (everyone converted their £ for $ so Br nearly ran out of $ and within 6 weeks stopped free convertibility)
50
Br's Dual track approach after ww2?
-where costs of continuing colonial rule outweighed actual/potential value -where colonies had potential, Br invested in them in the hope that significant amounts of forign currency might be earned to balance trade
51
First Colonial dev & welfare act
-1940 -provided loans to potentially valuable colonies -£5 mill annually for dev
52
second colonial dev & welfare act
-1945 -aid to £120 mill -colonies produce 10 year dev plan

British empire (9 decks)

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