Year 2 Flashcards
How to do sign test
Calculated value: least common frequency
Ignore any results that stayed the same
Describe content analysis
- Type of observational research where studied INDIRECTLY through communications they have produced
- Aim is to summarise and describe communication in a systematic way to draw conclusions
What is coding
- 1st stage of content analysis
2. Categories information (behavioural categorises)
What is thematic analysis
- After coding a reoccurring theme can be identified
2. Can be checked by testing new set of data
Strength and weakness of case study
- Detail rich, idiographic information
2. Low validity as small sample and data collected is subjective to researcher
Strength of content analysis
As data already exists and in a public domain so no ethical issues
Describe features of a case study
- Qualitative data
- Case history through interviews and observations
- Subject to experimental testing
- Usually longitudinal
Describe content analysis
- Type of observational research where studied INDIRECTLY through communications they have produced
- Aim is to summarise and describe communication in a systematic way to draw conclusions
What is coding
- 1st stage of content analysis
2. Categories information (behavioural categorises)
What is thematic analysis
- After coding a reoccurring theme can be identified
2. Can be checked by testing new set of data
Strength and weakness of case study
- Detail rich, idiographic information
2. Low validity as small sample and data collected is subjective to researcher
Strength of content analysis
As data already exists and in a public domain so no ethical issues
Weakness of content analysis
- People studied indirectly so communication is analysed without the context
- Can be misinterpreted
Strengths of case studies
And a weakness
- ## Detailed insights on unusual and atypical behaviourCannot generalise
Describe reliability
- Consistency of a measure
2. Will an IQ test get same result twice from same person
Simple way to test reliability
- Test-retest
- Not on same day as person may just recall answers
- If two scores are significantly similar then is reliable
What does inter-rater reliability refer to
- Observational research
- Content analysis
- Interviews (interinterviewer-reliability)
What should reliability be at
+.80 (80%)
How to improve reliability of a questioner
- No complex or ambiguous questions as may be subjectively interpreted
- Less open questions more fixed answer
How to improve reliability of interview
- Use same interviewer
- No leading or ambiguous questions
- Structured interview
How to improve reliability of a lab experiment
- Because of such high control this is more about precise replication of a method rather than a finding
How to improve reliability of an observation
- Operationalise behavioural categories
2. Make sure not open to interpretation and no overlapping
Define validity
The extent to which something measured what it is supposed to be measuring
Define internal validity
Extent to which observed effects on DV are due to IV and no things such as demand characteristics
Define external validity
Can findings be generalised to other populations cultures and eras
Define face validity
Extent to which a researcher would say it looks like it’s measuring what it is supposed to
Describe concurrent validity
- Extent to which test or scale obtains or matched results of similar well recognised test
What are the 5 features of science
- Paradigm
- Objectivity
- Empirical method
- Replicability
- Falsifiability
Choosing stat test
Chi-Sign-Chi
Mann-Wilcoxon-Spearman’s Rho
Unrelated-related-Pearson’s
