Year 13 mock challenging topics

Question 1

Name one agonist muscle that contracts to cause knee extension

and

identify the plane of movement

Answer 1

Rectus femoris

sagittal plane

Question 2

Describe two factors that affects the maximum strength of a performer

Answer 2

Age- max strength tends to peak in the late 20s to early 30s and gradually decreases overtime

gender- males have greater max strength than women due to higher testosterone
males also have a higher proportion of fast twitch fibres and greater muscle mass

Question 3

Define periodisation of training

explain one benefit of using it when planning training

Answer 3

the systematic planning of training that is divided into phases

it prevents injury from overtraining which ensures an athlete is at
peak performance

Question 4

Describe the term net force

Answer 4

All the forces acting upon a body

Question 5

Using a practical example from sport- explain the effect of net force

Answer 5

a football remains stationary on penalty sport

Question 6

The diagram shows the forces acting on a shot put in flight

on the diagram, draw and label the net force acting on the shot put. Use the parallelogram of forces

Answer 6

Question 7

Describe the changes in heart rate before, during and in recovery from a sub-maximal training run (6)

Answer 7

Before
Heart rate experiences an anticipatory rise due to the release of adrenaline, prepping the body for exercise by increasing oxygen delivery to muscles

As run begins, heart rate rises rapidly to meet increased demand for oxygen before reaching a steady state/ plateau, where oxygen supply matches the needs

In recovery
heart rate decreases rapidly at first as the body works to restore oxygen levels and remove waste products like lactic acid. Then a slower decline occurs and gradually return to resting level.

Question 8

Explain the effects of exercising in the heat on the respiratory system and on performance in sport (4)

Answer 8

Exercising in heat places additional stress on the respiratory system making breathing more difficult. High temperatures can lead to dehydration causing thicker mucous in airways.

The body also increases respiratory rate to help cool down through evaporative heat loss, which can lead to rapid water loss

heat and airborne pollutants may irritate the airways- triggering asthma etc

For sports performance -
leads to increased fatigue and higher effort needed
body diverts blood for skin cooling- decreasing oxygenated blood for working muscles.

sweating increases leading to dehydration- result in muscle cramps, dizziness etc

as a result performance declines unless performers acclimatise to the conditions