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Pe A-level HK > Muscular System > Flashcards

Muscular System Flashcards

1
Q

Definition: Joint

A

A place where two or more bones meet

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2
Q

Ball and socket examples

A

Shoulder and Hip

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3
Q

Hinge examples

A

Knee, elbow, ankle

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4
Q

Condyloid examples

A

Wrist

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5
Q

Wrist flexion : Agonist/ antagonist

A

Ag- Wrist flexors
Ant- Wrist extensors

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6
Q

Ankle plantar flexion : agonist / antagonist

A

Soleus
Tibialis anterior

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7
Q

Elbow flexion : agonist/ antagonist

A

Bicep brachii
tricep brachii

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8
Q

Knee extenstion : agonist/ antagonist

A

rectus femoris
bicep femoris

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9
Q

Shoulder flexion: agonist/ antagonist

A

anterior deltoid
posterior deltoid

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10
Q

Shoulder extension: Agonist/ antagonist

A

posterior deltoid
anterior deltoid

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11
Q

Shoulder adduction: agonist/ antagonist

A

Latissimus dorsi
middle deltoid

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12
Q

Shoulder abduction: agonist/ antagonist

A

middle deltoid
lattimus dorsi

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13
Q

Shoulder horizontal flexion : agonist/ antagonist

A

pectoralis major
posterior deltoid

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14
Q

Shoulder horizontal extenstion: agonist/ antagonist

A

posterior deltoid
pectorals major

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15
Q

Shoulder medial rotation: agonist/ antagonist

A

teres major
teres minor

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16
Q

Shoulder lateral rotation : agonist/ antagonist

A

teres minor
teres major

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17
Q

Hip flexion: agonist/ antagonist

A

Illiopsoas
gluteus maximus

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18
Q

Hip extension: agonist/ antagonist

A

gluteus maximus
Illiopsoas

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19
Q

Hip medial rotation: agonist/ antagonist

A

gluteus medias
gluteus maximus

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20
Q

Hip lateral rotation: agonist/ antagonist

A

gluteus maximus
gluteus medias

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21
Q

What is the frontal plane

A

Splits the body into front and back eg cartwheel

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22
Q

What is the transverse plane

A

Splits the body into top and bottom

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23
Q

What is the sagittal plane

A

Splits the body into left and right eg running forward

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24
Q

What is the agonist muscle

A

The muscle that contracts to create movement (prime mover)

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25
Q

What is the antagonist muscle

A

the muscle that relaxes to allow for movement

26
Q

What is a fixator

A

Stabilises the joint

27
Q

What is isotonic contraction

A

Contractions that result in movement

28
Q

What is isometric contraction

A

Contractions in a static postion eg a plank

29
Q

What is concentric contraction

A

muscle shorterns as it contracts

30
Q

What is eccentric contraction

A

muscle lengthens as it contracts

31
Q

What is the all or none law?

A

A muscle fibre will either fully contract or not at all

32
Q

What leads to stimulation of a muscle fibre

A

Neuron sends an action potential down axon
reaches synaptic cleft - acetylcholine produced
enough acetylcholine = action potential will pass over muscle fibre and it will contract fully

33
Q

What is a motor unit

A

a neuron and its muscle fibre

34
Q

What are fast glycolytic muscle fibres

A

Low resistance to fatigue
Fast contraction
High power of contraction

35
Q

What are fast oxidative glycolytic muscle fibres

A

Medium resistance to fatigue
fast contraction
high power of contraction

36
Q

What are slow oxidative muscle fibres

A

high resistance to fatigue
slow contraction
low power of contraction

37
Q

Synovial fluid structure?

A

lubricating liquid contained within the joint cavity

38
Q

structure of ligament

A

a tough band of slightly elastic connective tissue

39
Q

Function of ligament

A

connects bone to bone and stabilises joints during movement

40
Q

Articular cartilage structure?

A

smooth tissue which covers the surface of articulating bones

41
Q

Articular cartilage function?

A

absorbs shock and allows friction free movement

42
Q

Joint capsule structure

A

a fibrous sac with an inner synovial membrane

43
Q

joint capsule function

A

encloses and strengths the joint secreting synovial fluid

44
Q

What is flexion

A

movement which decreases the angle at a joint

45
Q

What is extension

A

movement which increases the angle of a joint

46
Q

What is dorsi flexion

A

movement at the ankle joint as the toes move up

47
Q

What is plantar flexion

A

movement at the ankle joint as toes move down

48
Q

What is abduction

A

movement of the limbs away from the midline of the body

49
Q

What is adduction

A

movement of the limbs towards the midline of the body

50
Q

What is horizontal extension

A

movement of the limbs away from the midline of the body paralel to the ground

51
Q

What is horizontal flexion

A

movement of the limbs towards the midline of the body parallel to the ground

52
Q

What is rotation

A

where articulating bones turn about their longitudinal axis

53
Q

What is a tendon

A

a fibrous connective tissue that attaches muscle to bone

54
Q

What is a fixator

A

a muscle that stabilises one part of a body while another moves

55
Q

What is antagonist muscle action

A

Paired muscle action
as antagonist muscle shortens to create movement— the antagonist lengthens to co-ordinate action

56
Q

What is DOMS

A

delayed onset of muscular soreness

pain and stiffness felt in the muscle which peaks 24-72 hours after exercise, associated with eccentric contracions

57
Q

What is movement analysis

A

analysis of the type and cause of bodily movement, including knowldge of joint type, articulating bones, movement pattern, antagonist and agonist muscle action and contraction type

58
Q

What is a motor neuron

A

A nerve cell which conducts a nerve impulse to a group of muscle fibres

59
Q

What is a motor unit

A

a motor neuron and the muscle fibres stimulated by its axon

60
Q

What is action potential

A

positive electric charge inside the nerve and muscle cells which impulse down the neutron and muscle fibre

Pe A-level HK (5 decks)

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