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Pe A-level HK > HR response to exercise-SV, CO > Flashcards

HR response to exercise-SV, CO Flashcards

1
Q

what is sub-maximal exercise

A

exercise is at a low-to-moderate intensity within a performers aerobic capacity or below the aerobic thresh-hold

associated with aerobic work

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2
Q

What is maximal exercise

A

exercise is at a high intensity above a performers aerobic capacity, which will take a performer to exhaustion

associated with anaerobic work and fatigue

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3
Q

How to calculate maximum heart rate

A

220-age

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4
Q

What happens during steady state exercise

A

heart rate plateaus (level out)- which means supply meeting demand for oxygen delivery and waste removal

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5
Q

Describe what is happening in the graph

A

an initial anticipatory rise in HR prior to exercise due to release of hormone adrenaline

  • a rapid increase in HR at the start of exercise to increase blood flow and oxygen delivery in line with exercise intensity

-a steady state HR throughout the sustained intensity exercise as oxygen supply meets demand

-an initial rapid decrease in HR as recovery is entered and the action of the muscle pump reduces

  • a more gradual decrease in HR to the resting levels
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6
Q

What happens during maximal intensity exercise

A

heart rate does not plateu as exercise intensity continues to increase

There is a growing demand for oxygen and waste removal which HR must continually strive to meet

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7
Q

What is the frank-starling mechanism

A

increased venous return leads to an increased stroke volume, due to an increased stretch of the ventricle walls and therefore force of contraction

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8
Q

How does stroke volume increase during exercise

A

it increases in proportion to exercise intensity until a plateau is reached at aprox. 40-60 % of working capacity

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9
Q

Stroke volume is able to increase due to…….

A

increased venous return- this is the volume of blood that returns from the body to the heart.

The frank starling mechanism- shows us how SV is dependent on venous return. lower hr the more time available to maximise sv- see greater sv in trained athletes

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10
Q

Why does stroke volume reach a plateau during sub-maximal intensity?

A

increased heart rate towards maximal intensities does now allow enough time for the ventricles to completely fill with blood in the diastolic phase
this limits the frank starling mechanism

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11
Q

How does cardiac output respond to exericse

A

CO increases in line with exercise intensity and plateaus during maximal exercise.

In recovery there is a massive decrease followed by a slower decrease to resting levels

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12
Q

What is the average HR for an untrained performer at

rest
sub-maximal intensity
maximal intensity

A

70-72bpm
100-130bpm
220-age

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13
Q

What is the average Stroke volume for an untrained perfomer at

rest
sub-maximal intensity
maximal intensity

A

70ml
100-120ml
100-120ml

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14
Q

What is the average cardiac output of an untrained performer at

rest
sub-maximal
maximal

A

5l/min
10l/min
20-30l/min

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15
Q

What is the average HR of a trained performer at

rest
sub-maximal
maximal

A

50bpm
95-120bpm
220-age

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16
Q

What is the average Stroke volume of a trained performer at
rest
sub-maximal
maximal

A

100ml
160-200ml
160-200ml

17
Q

What is average cardiac output of a trained performer at

rest
sub-maximal
maximal

A

5l/min
15-20l/min
30-40l/min

18
Q

What is the Neural control mechanism of the CCC

A

Neural control-
chemoreceptors located in the muscles, aorta and carotid arteries inform the CCC of
chemical changes in the blood stream, such as increased levels of C02 and lactic acid

proprioceptors located in the muscles, tendons and joints inform the CCC of motor activity

Baroceptors located in the blood vessel walls inform the CCC of increased blood pressure

19
Q

What is the intrinsic control mechanism of the CCC

A

temperature changes will affect the viscosity (thickness) of the blood and speed of nerve impulse transmission

venous return change will affect the stretch in the ventricle walls, force of ventricular contraction and therefore stroke volume

20
Q

What is the hormonal control mechanism of the CCC

A

Adrenaline and Noradrenaline are released from the adrenal glands increasing the force of ventricular contraction (therefore SV) and increasing the spread of electrical activity through the heart (therefore HR)

21
Q

What is the cardiac control centre

A

a control centre in the medulla oblongata responsible for HR regulation

22
Q

What is the sympathetic nervous system

A

a part of the autonomic nervous system responsible for increasing HR, specifically during exercise

23
Q

What is the parasympathetic nervous system

A

part of the autonomic nervous system responsible for decreasing hR, specifically during recovery

24
Q

What is HR regulation in response to exercise- Neural control

A

chemo- increased co2 and lactic acid levels

proprioceptors- increased motor activity

baro- increased stretch on ventricle walls

25
Q

What is HR regulation in response to exercise- intrinsic control

A

increased temperature
increased venous return

26
Q

What is HR regulation in response to exercise- hormonal control

A

sympathetic release of adrenaline and noradrenaline

27
Q

How does the sympathetic nervous system increase HR

A

sympathetic nervous system increases stimulation of SA node via the accelerator nerve to INCREASE HR

greater force of ventricular contraction increases SV

Hr X sv = co INCREASED

28
Q

What is the HR regulation in response to recovery- neural control

A

chemo- increased 02 and decreased lactic acid

proprio- decreased motor activity

baro- decreased stretch on vessel walls

29
Q

What is the HR regulation in response to recovery - intrinsic control

A

decreased temperature
decreased venous return

30
Q

What is the HR regulation in response to recovery- hormonal control

A

parasympathetic inhibition of adrenaline and noradrenaline

31
Q

How does the parasympathetic nervous system decrease HR

A

Decreases stimulation of the SA node via the vagus nerve to decrease hR

reduced force of ventricular contraction reduces SV slowly

HR x SV = decreased

Pe A-level HK (9 decks)

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