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Pe A-level HK > Energy systems- book 2 > Flashcards

Energy systems- book 2 Flashcards

1.1 energy for exercise- 1.2 recovery, altitude and heat

1
Q

What is metabolism?

A

The chemical process that occur within a cell to maintain life. Some substances are broken down to provide energy while others are resynthesised to store energy

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2
Q

What does ATP stand for

A

Adenosine triphosphate

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3
Q

What is ATP

A

A high energy compound which is only immediately available source of energy for muscular contraction

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4
Q

What is an enzyme

A

Biological catalyst which increases the speed of chemical reactions

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5
Q

What is ATPase

A

an enzyme which catalyses the breakdown of ATP

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6
Q

What is an exothermic reaction?

A

A chemical reaction which releases energy

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7
Q

What does ADP stand for?

A

Adenosine diphosphate

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8
Q

What is ADP

A

a compound formed by the removal of phosphate bond from ATP (ATP– +P +energy)

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9
Q

What are the 3 forms of energy

A

Chemical, potential and kinetic forms

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10
Q

How can the food we eat be stored as?

A

As amino acids, triglycerides and glycogen

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11
Q

How does ATP get broken down

A

To extract the energy from ATP, the enzyme ATPase is released, which stimulates the final-high enrgy bond to be broken.

This exothermic reaction releases energy for muscular contraction an dleaves ADP and a single phosphate

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12
Q

Where is ATP stored and what is it made out of?

A

During exercise- ATP is stored in the muscle cell and is the only immediate source of energy for muscular contraction.

ATP is made up of one adenosine and 3 phosphates.

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13
Q

How long do ATP stores last and do they need to be resynthesised

A

ATP only lasts 2-3 seconds

In order to continue exercising ATP must be constantly resynthesised or rebuilt.

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14
Q

How is ATP resynthesied

A

An exothermic reaction occurs-

where energy from the surrounding area is absorbed to rebuild the high-energy bond between by one of three energy systems

which break down the food fuels stored around the body

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15
Q

What are the three energy systems which break down food fuels to provide the energy for ATP resynthesis

A

ATP-PC
glycolytic
aerobic

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16
Q

What is creatine kinase

A

an enzyme which catalyses the bnreakdown of phosphocreatine PC

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17
Q

What is phosphocrceatine

A

a high-energy compound stored in the muscle cell and broken down for ATP resynthesis

18
Q

What is anaerobic

A

without the presence of oxygen

19
Q

What is the sarcoplasm

A

the cytoplasm or fluid within the muscle cell which holds store of PC, glycogen and myoglonbin

20
Q

What is a coupled reaction

A

where the products of one reaction are used in another reaction

21
Q

Where do we get energy from for muscular contractions?

A

Adenosine triphosphate- bonds are broken down to release energy

22
Q

What is the aerobic system

A

Exercise = low intensity
oxygen supply = high
glucose is broken down into CO2 and H20
Oxidation of glucose produces a maximum of 38 ATP
Products of fat and protein digestion are converted to acetyl for entering the krebs

23
Q

Describe the role of fats in the aerobic system

A

Fats in the from of fatty acids and proteins in the form of amino acids are broken down

They are reduced to the acetyl which enters the krebs cycle

24
Q

What is glycolosis

A

A process by which glucose is converted to pyruvate to produce energy

25
Q

Describe the process of glycolosis

A

First stage is anaerobic = in sarcoplasm in muscle cell

Glucose is broken down into pyruvic acid using GPP

Two molecules of ATP produced

26
Q

What are the advantages of the aerobic system?

A

More ATP produced 36 ATP
No fatiguing by-producs (CO2 and water)
Lots of glycogen an triglyceride stores so exercise can last for long period of time

27
Q

What is phosphocreatine?

A

An energy rich phosphate compound found in the sarcoplasm of muscle cells

28
Q

What is the ATP-PC system?

A

Occurs without the presence of oxygen

Provides energy for intensity
Short duration bouts of exercise

can be seen in power and strength forms of training

Can supply energy for 5-8 seconds before exhaustion

29
Q

Eg of when the ATP-PC system may be used

A

8-12 second duration
eg sprint

30
Q

Describe how the ATP-PC system works?

A

High ADP stores will trigger release of creatine kinase

Anaerobic process (broken down phosphocreatine anaerobically into phosphate and creatine + energy)

PC needed for providing a high power of contractions

Energy created to convert ADP to ATP a coupled reaction
8-12 second duration

31
Q

Equation in the ATP-PC system

A

PC - Pi + creatine + energy

32
Q

Advantages of the ATP-PC system?

A

ATP can be rapidly resynthesises in the system
Phosphocreatine stores

33
Q

What is the anerobic glycoltic system?

A

Production of high powered energy for high intensity exercise for a longer duration than the ATP-PC system 12s to 3 mins

34
Q

What does the duration of the anaerobic glycoltic system depend upon?

A

The intensity of exercise
Fitness of particular individuals

35
Q

What is phosphofructokinase? (PFK0

A

an enzyme which catalyses the breakdown of glucose

36
Q

What is anaerobic glycolosis?

A

the partial breakdown of glucose into pyruvic acid

37
Q

What is lactate dehydrogensase (LDH)

A

an enzyme which catalyses the conversion of pyruvic acid into lactic acid

38
Q

What is OBLA?

A

The onset of blood lactate accumulation: the point at which blood lactate levels significantly rise and fatigue sets in

39
Q

What must happen to pryuvic acid before entering the Krebs cycyle

A

Must be oxidised into two acetyl groups
Then carried into the Krebs cycle

40
Q

Describe the Krebs cycle

A

Two acetyl groups will diffuse into the matricx of the mitchondria

41
Q

Give a example of a sport using the anaerobic glycolytic system

A

Pe A-level HK (5 decks)

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