Year 11 The Changing Economic world Flashcards
Development
The progress of a country in terms of economic growth, use of technology and quality of life with the aim of improving peoples lives
Economic factors affecting quality of life
Income
Job security
Standard of living
Social factors affecting quality of life
Family/friends
Education
Health
Psychological factors affecting quality of life
Happiness
Security
Freedom
Physical factors affecting quality of life
Diet/nutrition
Water supply
Climate
Environmental quality/hazards
Qualities of a HIC
Good health services
Education
Good Housing
Clean water supply
Qualities of LIC
Opposite to HIC
What’s a newly emerging economy
Countries that are experiencing high rates of economic development and rapid industrialisation
Examples of NEES (BRICS)
Brazil Russia India China South Africa
What was the UK like before the industrial revolution (Clarke-fisher model)
Lots of primary jobs, few secondary jobs, very few tertiary jobs. No quaternary
What was the UK like during the industrial revolution (Clarke-fisher model)
Decreasing number of primary jobs, rapidly increasing tertiary jobs and a rising then falling number of secondary jobs. No quaternary
What was the UK like after the industrial revolution (Clarke-fisher model)
Increasing tertiary, decreasing primary and secondary and the beginning of quaternary jobs
Whats GNI
Shows the country’s level of development by looking at the average wealth of its citizens
How is GNI calculated
Total value of all the goods and services produced by its population are added to the income earned from investments that its people and businesses have made overseas
To compare the level of economic development for different countries, the GNI is:
Divided by its population to find % figure, then converted into US$ to make clear comparison
Strengths of GNI
All countries converted into US$ making comparisons much clearer and showing progress of a country over a period of time
Weaknesses of GNI
It doesn’t show variations within a country or patterns of inequality, doesn’t take into account those working at a a subsistence level who don’t pay tax and hides extremes of wealth
Literary rate
Most EU countries have literary rate of 99% but LICs only 40-50%
Difficult to carry out surveys in LICs, particularly conflict areas e.g. Afghanistan
People per doctor
UK doctor to patient ratio is 1:350 but in Afghanistan its 1:5000.
In NEES people diagnosing themselves using mobile phones and this isn’t taken into account in people per doctor measurment
Access to safe water
EU citizens must have access to safe water by law. In Angola only 34% do
Rising cost of water in cities can force poor people to use unsafe water, data may underestimate these problems
Infant mortality rate
In UK only 4 per year, Somalia over 100
In poorer countries not all deaths recorded so data may be underestimated
Life expectancy
Most NEES 65-75 but in LICs 55. HICs usually 75+
Where IMR are high the life expectancy of those who survive childhood are much higher than the mean lie expectancy suggests
What is the Human Development Index (HDI)
Combines life expectancy, income and education (average number of years spent in education) to produce a number between 0 and 1
Why is HDI better than GNI
Includes 3 factors giving a more accurate representation of the country
What’s a disadvantage of HDI
May be harder to collect data in LICs and may underestimate the problems
The Brandt line
Created in 1980 based upon report of former German chancellor Willy Brandt splitting the world into the ‘rich north’ and the ‘poor south’
Stage 1 of the Demographic Transition Model (DTM)
Low stationary e.g. Amazonian tribes
High birth rate, fluctuating death rate, low overall population.
15/1600s pre-industrial revolution
Stage 2 of the Demographic Transition Model (DTM)
early expanding stage e.g. Afghanistan
Birth rate stays high, death rate drops dramatically due to improved health care, overall pop rapidly increasing
Start of industrialisation
