Year 11 Economic Features in the UK

Question 1

Deindustrialisation

Answer 1

The decline of a county’s traditional manufacturing industry due to exhaustion of raw materials, loss of markets and competition from NEEs

Question 2

Globalisation

Answer 2

The process that has created a more connected world which increases in tho movements of goods (trade) and people (migration and tourism) worldwide

Question 3

Government policy

Answer 3

Laws/policies put forward by the government

Question 4

Deindustrialisation in the UK

Answer 4

Fewer jobs available in manufacturing and heavy industries such as coal. These industries were once a primary source of employment and income in the UK

Question 5

Globalisation in the UK

Answer 5

Lost of manufacturing has moved overseas where there’s cheaper labour but HQ remains in UK. Trading with other countries is as important part of UK GDP

Question 6

Government policies in the UK

Answer 6

Government decisions on investment and new infrastructure affects how the economy grows. Membership in government groups e.g. World Trade Organisation make it easier for UK companies to operate around the world

Question 7

The impact of deindustrialistation on the north east of England

Answer 7

North East first area to industrialise and first to deindustrialise with the closure of many coal mines in 1993 leaving 1000 unemployed in Easington Colliery. Today still many unemployed and local businesses struggle to survive

Question 8

How has the government tried to help Easington Colliery

Answer 8

Invested in new infrastructure, encouraged foreign investment from TNCs e.g. Nissan and setting up local enterprise schemes

Question 9

What are business and science parks

Answer 9

Purpose built areas of houses or buildings usually at edge of cities or near Unis where scientific/ business research takes place

Question 10

Example of a science parks

Answer 10

Cambridge: a high-tech hub

Question 11

Advantages of Cambridge: a high-tech hub

Answer 11

Good transport links inc M11
Graduates from the uni provide educated workforce
City offers good quality of life, with plenty of shops and open spaces

Question 12

Disadvantages of Cambridge: a high-tech hub

Answer 12

City is overcrowded and congested making it difficult to drive or park
House prices are high

Question 13

Impacts of industry on physical environement

Answer 13

Manufacturing plants are aesthetically polluting
Can cause air and water pollution, degraded soil
Waste products taken to landfill again polluting
Can emit harmful chemicals polluting atmos

Question 14

Impacts of quarrying industry on the physical environment

Answer 14

Eyesore and destroy habitats
Noise pollution from explosives used to break rocks
Lorries transport rocks, adds to congestion and CO2 emissions

Question 15

More sustainable industry

Answer 15

Heavy fines imposed when pollution occurs

strict targets put in place on water quality etc.

Question 16

More environmentally sustainable quarrying

Answer 16

Quarries can be restored to create wildlife lakes for recreation and water supply
Limestone features can be recreated to make landscape look more natural
Regular monitoring of noise, vibration etc

Question 17

An example of counter-urbanisation

Answer 17

South Cambridgeshire is experiencing rapid pop growth as people are moving out of London to enjoy a different place and a better quality of life

Question 18

Disadvantages of rural to urban migration

Answer 18

Many are retired meaning ageing population so more health services are needed and schools may need to close down
Also, wealthier newcomers are increasing house prices

Question 19

What is the north-south divide

Answer 19

An imaginary line geographers use to study variations such as employment, earnings, education and services. North tends to be worse than the south

Question 20

North of the line

Answer 20

Where most manufacturing was located until deindustrialised
High unemployment levels
Slow population growth as people move south for jobs
Lower house prices as lower demand

Question 21

South of the line

Answer 21

Less manufacturing so deindustrialisation not much of an issue
Higher employment levels
Higher population growth
Higher house prices

Question 22

What are local enterprise partnerships

Answer 22

Voluntary partnerships between local authorities and businesses set up in 2011 to lead economic growth and job creation within a local area

Question 23

What are enterprise zones

Answer 23

An area in which state incentives such as tax concessions are offered to encourage business investment

Question 24

What is the idea behind the northern powerhouse

Answer 24

Improving connectivity and transport
developing science, skills and innovation
Improving quality of life
Devolution and local growth

Question 25

How much money has been spent on the northern powerhouse

Answer 25

£3.4 billion on businesses £70 million on on schools £13 billion on transport

Question 26

Is the northern powerhouse the answer to the north south divide

Answer 26

Not necessarily as there are still many deprived areas in the south so there isn't a clear divide

Question 27

What is the London gateway

Answer 27

New port complex on the east of the Thames had £1.5 billion invested into it will attract 17 million customers Shows that the divide between the north and south is increasing

Question 28

Why was the London gateway put in place

Answer 28

Biggest economy in Europe so wants to stay ahead of rivals

Question 29

What is a hub

Answer 29

Centre for economic activity, transport etc. that attracts people into London Could bring investment in and improves development

Question 30

Road improvements in the UK

Answer 30

100 new road schemes 1300 miles of lanes added to motorways and extra lanes added Develop smart motorways to keep traffic moving

Question 31

HS2 (high speed railway)

Answer 31

Will go from London to Birmingham and Manchester to Leeds

Question 32

Ads of HS2

Answer 32

Take pressure off existing roads and railways Reduce journey times Will generate £40 billion brings economic benefits to northern England brings many jobs

Question 33

Disads of HS2

Answer 33

Costs £42 billion and difficult to predict profit People don't want to travel any faster Will increase CO2 emissions

Question 34

Ads of expanding Heathrow airport

Answer 34

Increase no. of flights and boost economy by £200 mil If it doesn't expand, London in danger of losing position as a leading world city Provides more jobs

Question 35

Disads of expanding Heathrow airport

Answer 35

Costs £18.6 billion Some think it better expanding Manchester as improve economy in north Will increase CO2 emissions Noise pollution will get worse

Question 36

Developing UK sea ports

Answer 36

Liverpool 2, new container terminal will double the ports capacity, create 000s jobs and reduce road freight

Question 37

What is the EU

Answer 37

Social, political and economic organisation where countries come together to promote equality etc

Question 38

Why did the UK join the EU

Answer 38

Because they needed to reduce trade boundaries, boosting economy in 1973

Question 39

Advantages of UK being part of the EU

Answer 39

Low prices of goods as no custom tax citizens free to move from country to country More jobs generated Workers are protected

Question 40

Disadvantages of UK being part of the EU

Answer 40

Not all policies are efficient Overcrowding of major cities 'Single currency' is a problem Costly to be a member cost per head ranges from £300 to £873

Question 41

What is the commonwealth

Answer 41

52 independent countries (2.4 billion people) | in every continent and supports democracy, development and peace

Question 42

Key features of commonwealth

Answer 42

60% of the members are under 30 so high workforce | Creates £3 trillion in exports per year

Question 43

How does the UK benefit from being part of the commonwealth

Answer 43

Increase connections/ trade around the world | Commonwealth games offers regeneration schemes

Question 44

Trade in the UK

Answer 44

Cheaper transports costs as near to Europe European countries are among the wealthiest so volume of trade is greater But USA and China are also main trading partners for the UK

Question 45

Culture in the UK

Answer 45

UK becoming more culturally diverse e.g. festivals like Diwali and Eid

Question 46

Communications in the UK

Answer 46

By 2014 almost 3 billion people had access to the internet, 90% people in UK use it 2.1 emails send per second and predicted to increase

Question 47

Transport in the UK

Answer 47

Heathrow is the largest UK airport and has links to the rest of the world