Year 11 Economic Features in the UK Flashcards
Deindustrialisation
The decline of a county’s traditional manufacturing industry due to exhaustion of raw materials, loss of markets and competition from NEEs
Globalisation
The process that has created a more connected world which increases in tho movements of goods (trade) and people (migration and tourism) worldwide
Government policy
Laws/policies put forward by the government
Deindustrialisation in the UK
Fewer jobs available in manufacturing and heavy industries such as coal. These industries were once a primary source of employment and income in the UK
Globalisation in the UK
Lost of manufacturing has moved overseas where there’s cheaper labour but HQ remains in UK. Trading with other countries is as important part of UK GDP
Government policies in the UK
Government decisions on investment and new infrastructure affects how the economy grows. Membership in government groups e.g. World Trade Organisation make it easier for UK companies to operate around the world
The impact of deindustrialistation on the north east of England
North East first area to industrialise and first to deindustrialise with the closure of many coal mines in 1993 leaving 1000 unemployed in Easington Colliery. Today still many unemployed and local businesses struggle to survive
How has the government tried to help Easington Colliery
Invested in new infrastructure, encouraged foreign investment from TNCs e.g. Nissan and setting up local enterprise schemes
What are business and science parks
Purpose built areas of houses or buildings usually at edge of cities or near Unis where scientific/ business research takes place
Example of a science parks
Cambridge: a high-tech hub
Advantages of Cambridge: a high-tech hub
Good transport links inc M11
Graduates from the uni provide educated workforce
City offers good quality of life, with plenty of shops and open spaces
Disadvantages of Cambridge: a high-tech hub
City is overcrowded and congested making it difficult to drive or park
House prices are high
Impacts of industry on physical environement
Manufacturing plants are aesthetically polluting
Can cause air and water pollution, degraded soil
Waste products taken to landfill again polluting
Can emit harmful chemicals polluting atmos
Impacts of quarrying industry on the physical environment
Eyesore and destroy habitats
Noise pollution from explosives used to break rocks
Lorries transport rocks, adds to congestion and CO2 emissions
More sustainable industry
Heavy fines imposed when pollution occurs
strict targets put in place on water quality etc.
More environmentally sustainable quarrying
Quarries can be restored to create wildlife lakes for recreation and water supply
Limestone features can be recreated to make landscape look more natural
Regular monitoring of noise, vibration etc
An example of counter-urbanisation
South Cambridgeshire is experiencing rapid pop growth as people are moving out of London to enjoy a different place and a better quality of life
Disadvantages of rural to urban migration
Many are retired meaning ageing population so more health services are needed and schools may need to close down
Also, wealthier newcomers are increasing house prices