Year 11 Nigeria: a newly emerging economy Flashcards
Where is Nigeria located
In sub-Saharan Africa on the west coast, bordered by Cameroon, Niger, Benin. Capital is Abuja. Known as the ‘giant of Africa’
Global importance of Nigeria
21st largest economy in the world
5th largest contributor to UN peacekeeping
12th largest producer of oil in the world
Importance of Nigeria in Africa
Highest GDP in Africa and largest population (182mil)
19 million cattle (most in Africa)
70% population involved in farming
Political context in Nigeria
In 60s many African countries gained independence from Britain civil wars followed
Recently stable government
Foreign countries now beginning to invest
Social context in Nigeria
Multi-cultural, 500 different ethnic groups but this caused conflict
Economic inequality between north and south led to tensions
Extremist groups have made country unstable
Cultural context in Nigeria
Has its own music and cinema ‘Nollywood’
2nd largest film industry in the world
South mainly Christian, north mainly Muslim
What was Nigeria like in terms of employment in 1999
70% Primary
20% Tertiary
10% Secondary
What was Nigeria like in terms of employment in 2012
40% Primary
30% Secondary
30% Tertairy
How has manufacturing in Nigeria boosted economic development
Regular paid work provides greater tax income for government
Many manufactured good available to buy
Creates jobs and attracts foreign companies to invest in Nigeria
What’s a trans-national corporation (TNC)
A large company that operates in several countries, the HQ is usually in a HIC and production in NEEs/LICs
40 TNCs operating in Nigeria e.g. unilever
Unilever in Nigeria
Use Nigerian grown palm oil employing 1500 people. The company has improved healthcare, education and water supply and works with people from local markets
Shell oil in Nigeria
Oils spills caused water pollution reducing farming and fishing yields
toxic fumes pollute the air
oil theft casts the government billions of dollars every year
Problems in Nigeria
There’s limited access to water, health, education and electricity supply.
60% population live on less than 63p a day
High IMR and low life expectancy
International aid in Nigeria
Most come from UK and USA and World Bank also offers support
Most successful aid projects are small and community based, these deliver help directly where it’s needed
How is aid used ineffectively
Corruption in government means aid is lost or not spent properly
Donors may have political influence over who benefits and may use donations to promote themselves
What improvements have been made from aid
Mosquito nets preventing malaria
Loans to businesses to help diversify the economy from being dependent on oil, developing new businesses
HIV program educating rural areas
Emergency or short term aid
Needed after sudden disasters e.g. 2000 Mozambique floods or 2004 Asian Tsunami
Charitable aid
Funded by donations from the public through organisations like oxfam
Long-term development aid
Providing local communities with education and skills for sustainable development
Multilateral aid
Given through international organisations such as World Bank rather than by one specific country
How does industrial growth affect the environment
There are 10,000 illegal small scale industries so pollution of nearby land and rivers as toxic waste is dumped or leaked
Harmful pollutants go into open drains harming ecosytems
Fumes can cause breathing problems
How does urban growth affect the environment
Waste dumped on streets Many squatter settlements Health services etc. haven't kept pace with cities Traffic congestion- high pollution 70-80% forests have been destroyed
How does mineral and oil extraction affect the envionment
Soil erosion and water supplies polluted
Oil spills damaged freshwater and marine ecosytems
Oil spills cause fires which release huge amounts of CO2 causing acid rain
Nigeria’s trading with Britain over the years
Initially trading with slaves but when it made illegal in 1807 trading turned to palm oil used to make soap in Britain. Once gained independence in 1914, N exported raw materials and imported manufactured goods from B
Nigeria’s debt
After gaining independence economy is booming but went into economic slump in ’70s so borrow money for public services - debt. Gets worse and in the 90s becomes Africa’s most indebted country. UN makes plans to eradicate poverty by 2015, debt is cancelled and now economy is growing
Life expectancy in 1990 and 2013
1990- 46
2013-52
Mortality rate (per 1000) in 1990 and 2013
1990- 213
2013-117
Safe water % in 1990 and 2013
1990- 46
2013- 64
