Year 11 Nigeria: a newly emerging economy

Question 1

Where is Nigeria located

Answer 1

In sub-Saharan Africa on the west coast, bordered by Cameroon, Niger, Benin. Capital is Abuja. Known as the ‘giant of Africa’

Question 2

Global importance of Nigeria

Answer 2

21st largest economy in the world
5th largest contributor to UN peacekeeping
12th largest producer of oil in the world

Question 3

Importance of Nigeria in Africa

Answer 3

Highest GDP in Africa and largest population (182mil)
19 million cattle (most in Africa)
70% population involved in farming

Question 4

Political context in Nigeria

Answer 4

In 60s many African countries gained independence from Britain civil wars followed
Recently stable government
Foreign countries now beginning to invest

Question 5

Social context in Nigeria

Answer 5

Multi-cultural, 500 different ethnic groups but this caused conflict
Economic inequality between north and south led to tensions
Extremist groups have made country unstable

Question 6

Cultural context in Nigeria

Answer 6

Has its own music and cinema ‘Nollywood’
2nd largest film industry in the world
South mainly Christian, north mainly Muslim

Question 7

What was Nigeria like in terms of employment in 1999

Answer 7

70% Primary
20% Tertiary
10% Secondary

Question 8

What was Nigeria like in terms of employment in 2012

Answer 8

40% Primary
30% Secondary
30% Tertairy

Question 9

How has manufacturing in Nigeria boosted economic development

Answer 9

Regular paid work provides greater tax income for government
Many manufactured good available to buy
Creates jobs and attracts foreign companies to invest in Nigeria

Question 10

What’s a trans-national corporation (TNC)

Answer 10

A large company that operates in several countries, the HQ is usually in a HIC and production in NEEs/LICs
40 TNCs operating in Nigeria e.g. unilever

Question 11

Unilever in Nigeria

Answer 11

Use Nigerian grown palm oil employing 1500 people. The company has improved healthcare, education and water supply and works with people from local markets

Question 12

Shell oil in Nigeria

Answer 12

Oils spills caused water pollution reducing farming and fishing yields
toxic fumes pollute the air
oil theft casts the government billions of dollars every year

Question 13

Problems in Nigeria

Answer 13

There’s limited access to water, health, education and electricity supply.
60% population live on less than 63p a day
High IMR and low life expectancy

Question 14

International aid in Nigeria

Answer 14

Most come from UK and USA and World Bank also offers support

Most successful aid projects are small and community based, these deliver help directly where it’s needed

Question 15

How is aid used ineffectively

Answer 15

Corruption in government means aid is lost or not spent properly
Donors may have political influence over who benefits and may use donations to promote themselves

Question 16

What improvements have been made from aid

Answer 16

Mosquito nets preventing malaria
Loans to businesses to help diversify the economy from being dependent on oil, developing new businesses
HIV program educating rural areas

Question 17

Emergency or short term aid

Answer 17

Needed after sudden disasters e.g. 2000 Mozambique floods or 2004 Asian Tsunami

Question 18

Charitable aid

Answer 18

Funded by donations from the public through organisations like oxfam

Question 19

Long-term development aid

Answer 19

Providing local communities with education and skills for sustainable development

Question 20

Multilateral aid

Answer 20

Given through international organisations such as World Bank rather than by one specific country

Question 21

How does industrial growth affect the environment

Answer 21

There are 10,000 illegal small scale industries so pollution of nearby land and rivers as toxic waste is dumped or leaked
Harmful pollutants go into open drains harming ecosytems
Fumes can cause breathing problems

Question 22

How does urban growth affect the environment

Answer 22

Waste dumped on streets
Many squatter settlements 
Health services etc. haven't kept pace with cities
Traffic congestion- high pollution
70-80% forests have been destroyed

Question 23

How does mineral and oil extraction affect the envionment

Answer 23

Soil erosion and water supplies polluted
Oil spills damaged freshwater and marine ecosytems
Oil spills cause fires which release huge amounts of CO2 causing acid rain

Question 24

Nigeria’s trading with Britain over the years

Answer 24

Initially trading with slaves but when it made illegal in 1807 trading turned to palm oil used to make soap in Britain. Once gained independence in 1914, N exported raw materials and imported manufactured goods from B

Question 25

Nigeria’s debt

Answer 25

After gaining independence economy is booming but went into economic slump in ’70s so borrow money for public services - debt. Gets worse and in the 90s becomes Africa’s most indebted country. UN makes plans to eradicate poverty by 2015, debt is cancelled and now economy is growing

Question 26

Life expectancy in 1990 and 2013

Answer 26

1990- 46

2013-52

Question 27

Mortality rate (per 1000) in 1990 and 2013

Answer 27

1990- 213

2013-117

Question 28

Safe water % in 1990 and 2013

Answer 28

1990- 46

2013- 64