Y2 Obesity

Question 1

Why is it important to eat well during pregnancy?

Answer 1

Because baby’s genes are being programmed in utero, deciding the chance of obesity and diabetes later in life.

Question 2

How much extra do you need to eat per day when pregnant?

Answer 2

1st trim- nothing really
2nd trim- 300 kcal
3rd trim- 500 kcal

Question 3

What does the body require more of in pregnancy?

Answer 3

Protein, iron and omega 3 fatty acids

Question 4

Carbohydrates

Answer 4

1/4-1/3 of your plate, choose whole grain as they have more vitamins and minerals. High fiber keep blood suger/ glucose low reducing the risk of diabetes. Fruit milk yogurt.

Question 5

Protein

Answer 5

Important for growth and development in second half of the pregnancy. Meat, fixh, chicken, eggs, lentils, beans, nuts. 2-3 servings/ day. 1 servings is about the same size as the size of a palm. stick to processed protein. Do not use protein supplementation.

Question 6

Fat

Answer 6

important. Plant oil, avocado. oily fish, nuts and fish. Omega 3 fatty acids are key for brain and eye development and for mums heart. Salmon/makrill/ trout 1-2 per week is enough. veggie options include walnuts, rapeseed oil and flax seed but it’s difficult to fill the need with these so its recommended to use omega 3 supplement.

Question 7

Folic acid/ Folate

Answer 7

reducing risk of neural tube defects. 400mcg, 5 mg for women with diabetes, high BMI, previous offspring with neural tube defect. Fruit and veg, beans and pulses.

Question 8

Iron

Answer 8

More important than protein. prevent SGA and is key in brain development. from w 25 baby starts storing their own iron. Red meat and chicken. Eggs and green veg, pulses and lentils to be had with vit c for better uptake. Supplements to be taken with a meal.

Question 9

Calcium and Vit D

Answer 9

Mum and baby bones and teeth, mum blood pressure. 3 serving Milk, cheese, yogurt. 5 for teenagers and twin mums. Vit D helps with absorption, 10mg daily (supplement) oily fish and eggs.

Question 10

Iodine

Answer 10

Brain development, learning. Requirement goes up 50% in pregnancy. White fish, sea food and dairy. Included in preg vitamins. Not usually difficult to meet with a balanced diet.

Question 11

Fluids

Answer 11

8 glasses of water/ day, still or sparkling. (2 litres) milk or juice as well.

Question 12

Meal patterns

Answer 12

3 meals/ day with 2-3 snacks. Plate model.

Question 13

Junk food

Answer 13

To be limited due to
- replaces nourishing foods.
- genetic programming for baby.
Lead to obesity, diabetes, heart disease

Question 14

Healthy snacks

Answer 14

Fruit, Nuts, cheese, veg sticks w hummus, yogurt, granola, peanut butter, popcorn.

Question 15

Food safety

Answer 15

2 cups of coffee/ day or 4 cups of tea
No soft cheese (mozarella and cottage cheese safe)
No smoked salmon
No liver product ( due to vit A and leading to birth defects)
No shart/ sword fish/ Marlin and oyster/mussels due to mercury etc.
Tuna, 1 steak or 2 tins/ week
Nuts are safe
No soft ice cream.

Question 16

All women should take the following supplements

Answer 16

Folic acid
Iron if recommended
Omega 3 (if not eating oily fish)
Vit D 10 mcg
Preg multivitamins

Question 17

Physical activity

Answer 17

min 30 mins 5 days/week

Question 18

What are the three Fs when avoiding constipation?

Answer 18

Fiber, fitness and fluid

Question 19

gest diabetes, what are the risk factors?

Answer 19

BMI over 30
age 40+
family history
previous LGA baby
Ethnicities
PCOS