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shelf IM > XI > Flashcards

XI Flashcards

1
Q

diastolic murmur in 20 y.o

A

investigate with echo

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2
Q

main cause of orthostatic hypotension

A

hypovolemia

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3
Q

how to confirm hypovolemia with CMP

A

elevated BUN/Cr ration because it is prerenal azotemia

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4
Q

acute epididymis in elderly population

A

non STD related

E coli

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5
Q

autoimmune conditions associated with vitiligo

A

pernicious anemia, autoimmune thyroid disease, type 1 DM, primary adrenal insufficiency, hypopituitarism, alopecia areata

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6
Q

actinic keratosis on light microscopy

A

areas of acanthosis, parakeratosis, dyskeratosis and hyperkeratosis

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7
Q

lung CA that realses ADH

A

small cell

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8
Q

What are small cell lung cancer assoc paraneoplastic synromes

A

ectopic ACTH leading to Cushing
Lamber Eaton syndrome
SIADH

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9
Q

mass in middle of mediastinum

A

bronchogenic cysts

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10
Q

main step when suspect acromegaly

A

measure IGF-I

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11
Q

glucose does what to GH

A

suppress it

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12
Q

characteristics of nephrosclerosis

A

hypertrophy and intimal medial fibrosis of renal arterioles

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13
Q

DM nephropathy characteristics

A

increased extracellular matrix, basement membrane thickening, mesangial expansion and fibrosis

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14
Q

upper lobe cavitations

A

suspect TB

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15
Q

increased LDHa nd bilirubin

decreased haptoglobin

A

hemolytic anemia

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16
Q

antibiotics for human bite or dog bite

A

augmentin

amox-clavulanate

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17
Q

management of DKA

A

1 restore volume with normal saline
correct hyperglycemia with regular insulin
correct electrolytes- potassium
treat precipitating factors like infecitons

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18
Q

most useful intervention for peripheral arterial claudication

A

supervised graded exercise program

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19
Q

Good Pastures

A

nephritic proteinuria, acute renal failure, urinary sediment with dysmorphic RBC and casts
pulmonary– SOB, cough, hemoptysis
fever, weight loss, arthralgias

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20
Q

udnerlying cause of goodpastures

A

Ab to alpha 3 chain type IV collagen

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21
Q

microscopy of goodpastures

A

linear IgG deposition along the glomerular BM

22
Q

common causes of nephrotic syndrome

A

focal segemental glomerulosclerosis, minimal change disease, membranous nephropathy, DM, primary amyloidosis, IgA nephropathy

23
Q

causes of nephritic syndrome

A

IgA nephropathy, lupus nephritis, thin BM disease

24
Q

Dx mixed cryoglobulniemia

A

serum cryos, low Complement levels

25
Q

most common cause of cyroglobulinemia

A

chronic Hep C

26
Q

empyema

A

intrapleural colleciton pus usually from bacterial pneumonia

27
Q

bacteria that cause empyema

A

strep pneumo
staph aureus
klebsiella pneumo

28
Q

signs of empyema

A

fever cough, SOB and pleuritic chest pain

29
Q

radiograph findings in empyema

A

free flowing or loculated pleural effusion with lung consolidations with air bronchograms

30
Q

when to suspect gastrinoma

A

when endoscopy shows multiple stomach ulcers and thickened gastric folds

31
Q

which syndrome is zolinger ellison syndrome apart of

A

MEN1

32
Q

secretin test

A

secretin stimulates gastrin in gastrinoma

usually gastic G cells are inhibited by secretin so usually should not cause an increase in gastrin

33
Q

most common extrapulmonary sites for nocardia

A

brain and skin

34
Q

Tx nocardia

A

TMP SMX

35
Q

Tx uncomplicated cystitis

A

nitrofurantoin
tMP SMX
fosfomycin

36
Q

Tx complicated cystitis

A

fluoroquinolones for 5-14 days

37
Q

outpatient Tx pyelonephritis

A

fluoroquinolone

38
Q

inpatient Tx pyelnephritis

A

IV fluoroquinoones, aminoglycoside +/- ampicillin

39
Q

Tx hemophilia A or B

A

factor VIII or Ix

desmopressin for mild hemophilia A

40
Q

what is elevated in hemophilia: PT or PTT

A

PTT

41
Q

Dx C dificile

A

stool sample

42
Q

murmur in mild AR vs severe

A

mild has a early diastolic murmu

severe has holosystolic

43
Q

bounding pulses

A

seen with aortic regurg from increased SV

44
Q

pneumonia in right lower lobes is usuallyd ue to what

A

local obstruction or recurrent aspiration

45
Q

mitral stenosis is most commonly due to what

A

rheumatic fever

46
Q

what heart pressures are elevated in mitral stenosis

A

left atrial and pulmonary vasculature

also get an elevation of the L main bronchus

47
Q

most cmmon cause of nephrotic syndrome in the US

A

FSGS

48
Q

non inflammatory chronic prostatitis

A

afebrile with irritative voiding Sx

PE unremarkable and UA normal

49
Q

most cmmon cause of adhesive capusltiis

A

rotator cuff tendinopathy

50
Q

signs of cocaine intoxication

A 
psychomotor agitation
dilated pupils
atrophic nasal mucosa
HTN
acute myocardiacl sichemia
51
Q

CV effects of cocaine

A

coronoary vasoconstriciton, inc HR, inc BP inc myocardial oxygen demand
increase thrombus formation by promotoing platelet activation and aggregation

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