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shelf IM > VI > Flashcards

VI Flashcards

1
Q

EKG shows flat T waves ad u waves

A

hypokalemia

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2
Q

TCA overdose EKG changes

A

long QRS complex

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3
Q

Primary sclerosing cholangitis is seen with what other condition

A

Ulcerative colitis

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4
Q

most common causes of JVD

A

constrictive pericarditis, right ventricular infarction, restrictive cardiomyopathy

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5
Q

what parts of ventilator change the arterial pO2

A

FiO2 and PEEP

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6
Q

what parts of ventilator change the arterial pCO2

A

respiratory rate and tidal volume

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7
Q

non toxic levels of FiO2 on ventilator

A
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8
Q

what carries pain sensation to cornea

A

V1 trigeminal

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9
Q

necrotizing surgical infection signs

A

pain in wound, decreased sensitivity around wound, cloudy-gray discharge and sometimes crepitus

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10
Q

how to decide if hematuria is glomerular or non-glomerular

A

glomerular: microscopic, nonspecific no Sx, uA have blood and protein, casts
non-glomerular: gross hematuria, dysuria, pain, UA show blood but no protein with normal appearing RBC

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11
Q

most common glomerular nephropathy in adults

A

IgA, likely after upper respiratory infection

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12
Q

signs of ethylene glycol poisoning

A

hypocalcemia and Ca oxalate crystal deposition in kdineys

give fomepizole to inhibit alcohol dehydrogenase

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13
Q

when does enterococcus endocarditis occur

A

men after genitourinary manipulation or younger women after obstetric procedures

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14
Q

what to give after determining warfarin induced necrosis

A

vitamin K stat

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15
Q

side effects cyclosporine

A 
nephrotoxicity
HTN
nerotoxicity- HA and visual disturbances
glucose intolerance
infection
malignancy
gingival hypertrophy and hirsutism
GI manigestations
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16
Q

main side effects of cyclosprine

A

nephrotoxicity, hyperkalemia, HTN, gum hypertrophy, hirsutism and tremor

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17
Q

how does cyclosporine work

A

inhibits transcription of IL2 and calcineurin

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18
Q

what else works like cyclosprine

A

tacrolimus

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19
Q

major toxicity of azathioprine

A

diarrhea, leukopenia and hepatotoxicity

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20
Q

major toxicity of mycophenolate

A

bone marrow suppression because limits purine synthesis, reversible inhibitor of inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase

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21
Q

MOA ondansetron

A

inhibitor of serotonin

22
Q

Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome symptoms

A

confusion, fever, muscle rigidity, diaphoresis

23
Q

what drugs can cause neuroleptic malignant syndrome

A

dopaminergic antagonists

24
Q

physical examination of hyperthyroidism

A 
HTN
tremors in fingers and hangs
hyperreflexia
proximal muscle weakness
lid lag
atrial fibrillation
25
Q

HTN and hypokalemia

A

measure renin and aldosterone

26
Q

HTN hypokalemia increased aldosterone and low renin

A

primary hyperaldosteronism

27
Q

HTN hypokalemia increased aldosterone and increased renin

A

renovascular HTN
maligntnat HTN
renin secreting tumor
diuretic use

28
Q

characteristics of primary hyperaldosteronism

A

HTN
mild hypernatremia
metabolic alkalosis
suppressed plasma renin activity

29
Q

serious side effects of cyclophosphamide

A

acute hemorrhagic cystitis, bladder carcinoma, sterility, myelosuppression
acrolein (metabolite) is a toxic metabolite

30
Q

what prevents bladder toxicity of cyclophosphamide

A

MESNA and increase fluid intake

31
Q

immediate Tx of VF or VT

A

defibrillation

32
Q

vision defect in MS

A

central visual field defect and fundoscopy is usually normal

33
Q

alternative for Tx syphilis if allergic to penicillin

A

doxycycline

34
Q

when do you desensitize patient to penicillin for Tx of syphilis

A

if pregnant because cannot give doxy

35
Q

what is hyposthenuria and what condition is it known in

A

inability to concentrate urine

seen in those with sickle cell disease

36
Q

major s/s of waldenstroms macroglobulinemia

A 
hepatoslepnomegaly and lymphadenopathy
tiredness (anemia)
tendency to bleed and bruise easily
night sweats
HA and dizziness
various visual problems
pain and numbness
37
Q

diagnostic cluse for waldenstroms macroglobulinemia

A

IgM spike on electrophoresis and hyperviscosity

38
Q

environmental factors that contribute to pancreatic CA

A

cigarrette (most important)

obesity, low physical activity

39
Q

top 3 factors for non alcoholic steatohepatitis

A

obesity
DM
hypertriglyceridemia

40
Q

pathophys of non alcoholic steatohepatitis

A

impaired responsiveness of fat cells to insulin

41
Q

what is leukomoid reaction

A

marked increase in leukocytes from severe infection or inflammation
usually have increased leukocyte alkaline phosphatase

42
Q

S4 murmur conditions

A

ventricular hypertrophy or AMI

43
Q

S3 murmur conditions

A

normal- pregnangy, young adults
abnormal- HF, restrictive cardiomyopathy
high output states

44
Q

Ca, phosphate, K and uric acid levels in tumor lysis syndrome

A

Ca dec, phosphate inc, potassium inc and uric acid increased

45
Q

what causes the hypocalcemia in tumor lysis syndrome

A

the phosphate realsed from cells binds up calcium

46
Q

what do you give to prevent nephropathy in tumor lysis syndrome

A

allopurinol

47
Q

best screening test for virilizing neoplasm

A

serum testosterone and DHEAS levels

48
Q

what labs help identidy an ovarian source neoplasm

A

increased testosterone with normal DHEAS

49
Q

what labs indicate adrenal source of virilizing neoplasm

A

elevated DHEAS

normal testosterone

50
Q

what happens to pulmonary capillary wedge pressure and systemic vascular R in cardiogenic shock

A

increased pcwp from back up and increased SVR to try and maintain perfusion pressure

51
Q

complication of bronchiectasis

A

hemoptysis

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