VI Flashcards
EKG shows flat T waves ad u waves
hypokalemia
TCA overdose EKG changes
long QRS complex
Primary sclerosing cholangitis is seen with what other condition
Ulcerative colitis
most common causes of JVD
constrictive pericarditis, right ventricular infarction, restrictive cardiomyopathy
what parts of ventilator change the arterial pO2
FiO2 and PEEP
what parts of ventilator change the arterial pCO2
respiratory rate and tidal volume
non toxic levels of FiO2 on ventilator
what carries pain sensation to cornea
V1 trigeminal
necrotizing surgical infection signs
pain in wound, decreased sensitivity around wound, cloudy-gray discharge and sometimes crepitus
how to decide if hematuria is glomerular or non-glomerular
glomerular: microscopic, nonspecific no Sx, uA have blood and protein, casts
non-glomerular: gross hematuria, dysuria, pain, UA show blood but no protein with normal appearing RBC
most common glomerular nephropathy in adults
IgA, likely after upper respiratory infection
signs of ethylene glycol poisoning
hypocalcemia and Ca oxalate crystal deposition in kdineys
give fomepizole to inhibit alcohol dehydrogenase
when does enterococcus endocarditis occur
men after genitourinary manipulation or younger women after obstetric procedures
what to give after determining warfarin induced necrosis
vitamin K stat
side effects cyclosporine
nephrotoxicity HTN nerotoxicity- HA and visual disturbances glucose intolerance infection malignancy gingival hypertrophy and hirsutism GI manigestations
main side effects of cyclosprine
nephrotoxicity, hyperkalemia, HTN, gum hypertrophy, hirsutism and tremor
how does cyclosporine work
inhibits transcription of IL2 and calcineurin
what else works like cyclosprine
tacrolimus
major toxicity of azathioprine
diarrhea, leukopenia and hepatotoxicity
major toxicity of mycophenolate
bone marrow suppression because limits purine synthesis, reversible inhibitor of inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase
MOA ondansetron
inhibitor of serotonin
Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome symptoms
confusion, fever, muscle rigidity, diaphoresis
what drugs can cause neuroleptic malignant syndrome
dopaminergic antagonists
physical examination of hyperthyroidism
HTN tremors in fingers and hangs hyperreflexia proximal muscle weakness lid lag atrial fibrillation
HTN and hypokalemia
measure renin and aldosterone
HTN hypokalemia increased aldosterone and low renin
primary hyperaldosteronism
HTN hypokalemia increased aldosterone and increased renin
renovascular HTN
maligntnat HTN
renin secreting tumor
diuretic use
characteristics of primary hyperaldosteronism
HTN
mild hypernatremia
metabolic alkalosis
suppressed plasma renin activity
serious side effects of cyclophosphamide
acute hemorrhagic cystitis, bladder carcinoma, sterility, myelosuppression
acrolein (metabolite) is a toxic metabolite
what prevents bladder toxicity of cyclophosphamide
MESNA and increase fluid intake
immediate Tx of VF or VT
defibrillation
vision defect in MS
central visual field defect and fundoscopy is usually normal
alternative for Tx syphilis if allergic to penicillin
doxycycline
when do you desensitize patient to penicillin for Tx of syphilis
if pregnant because cannot give doxy
what is hyposthenuria and what condition is it known in
inability to concentrate urine
seen in those with sickle cell disease
major s/s of waldenstroms macroglobulinemia
hepatoslepnomegaly and lymphadenopathy tiredness (anemia) tendency to bleed and bruise easily night sweats HA and dizziness various visual problems pain and numbness
diagnostic cluse for waldenstroms macroglobulinemia
IgM spike on electrophoresis and hyperviscosity
environmental factors that contribute to pancreatic CA
cigarrette (most important)
obesity, low physical activity
top 3 factors for non alcoholic steatohepatitis
obesity
DM
hypertriglyceridemia
pathophys of non alcoholic steatohepatitis
impaired responsiveness of fat cells to insulin
what is leukomoid reaction
marked increase in leukocytes from severe infection or inflammation
usually have increased leukocyte alkaline phosphatase
S4 murmur conditions
ventricular hypertrophy or AMI
S3 murmur conditions
normal- pregnangy, young adults
abnormal- HF, restrictive cardiomyopathy
high output states
Ca, phosphate, K and uric acid levels in tumor lysis syndrome
Ca dec, phosphate inc, potassium inc and uric acid increased
what causes the hypocalcemia in tumor lysis syndrome
the phosphate realsed from cells binds up calcium
what do you give to prevent nephropathy in tumor lysis syndrome
allopurinol
best screening test for virilizing neoplasm
serum testosterone and DHEAS levels
what labs help identidy an ovarian source neoplasm
increased testosterone with normal DHEAS
what labs indicate adrenal source of virilizing neoplasm
elevated DHEAS
normal testosterone
what happens to pulmonary capillary wedge pressure and systemic vascular R in cardiogenic shock
increased pcwp from back up and increased SVR to try and maintain perfusion pressure
complication of bronchiectasis
hemoptysis
