X2 urban issues and challenges - rio Flashcards
international importance of rio
2016 Olympics
UNESCO World Heritage Site
industrial and financial centre
2 airports
why has rio grown
international mirgration: jobs, businesses, language
natural increase: better health care and social services
internal migration: from rural areas of rio
how has Rio’s urban growth created health opportunities
- free health care and better than rest of rio
- health cover increased from 4% to 70% in slums
- family health care teams have given health care to over 3000 people
how has Rio’s urban growth created education opportunities
- 1000 primary schools, 400 secondary schools, 6 universities
- ‘schools for tomorrow’ in favelas encourages kids to go to skl
- gov provides grants to help kids stay in skl
how has Rio’s urban growth created water supply opportunities
- rio has largest water treatment works in the world
- 96% of city has safe water
how has Rio’s urban growth created energy opportunities
- 99% ppl have access to electricity
- Santa Marta slum, a community energy programme fitted 150 solar pannels - affordable and sustainable
how has Rio’s urban growth created economic opportunities - ternium steelworks
- giant steelworks in rios west zone
- attracts construction and supply industries to area
- stimulates economic growth hugely
challenges of living in favelas
- heavy rain causes them to break
- average income £75 a month
- waste on streets leading to diseases
- 50% have no sewage connections
how has rios urban growth created challenges for water and sanitation
water
- the city doesn’t have to give clean water to favelas because they don’t legally own their properties
- water taps ins are illegal but happens a lot
- poor maintenance = leakages
sanitation
- 35% is of waste is dumped in bays
- waste is toxic and dangerous
- 50% of favelas are not connected to sewage systems
how has rios urban growth created challenges for energy
- in favelas illegal tap ins which leads to fires and blackouts
how has rios urban growth created challenges for health care
- 6 hospitals for almost a population of 6.7 million
- favela ppl live 13 years less than wealthy ppl
- 2 health clinics in favela with 100K population
- covid19 awful - very overcrowded
how has rios urban growth created challenges for education
- 25% of poorest kids dont go to skl bc they have to work
- 50% of population continue with shcool after age 14 ue to teenage pregnancy, no local schools, need to work
- violence and drug crime also shuts many skls down in rio
- covid19 shut skls down bc ppl didnt have computers etc.
how has rios urban growth created challenges for unemployment
- hard to measure bc so many ppl in informal jobs
- olympics only created short term jobs
- lots of low paid, informal jobs
how has rios urban growth created challenges for crime
- lots of robbery and violence
- since 2017 murder rate increased by 20%
- police target drug gangs in favelas
environmental challenges with waste disposal
- 3.5 mill tonnes of waste a year and less than 2% recycled
- favelas - barely any waste collections bc streets so narrow
environmental challenges with water pollution
- Guanabara bay very polluted - threatening fish, tourism and wildlife
- sewage water in pipes leading to bays
- oils spills, industrial waste in water supplys
environmental challenges with traffic congestion and air pollution
- most congested city in Sout America
- traffic delays badly effect businesses
- air pollution causes 5000 deaths per year
social, economic and environmental aims of the favela bairro project
SOCIAL
- day care after skl - parents can work
- improve adult literacy
ECONOMIC
- ppl can apply to legally own their own homes
ENVIRONMENTAL
- replace wooden buildings w brick - stable and weather resistant
- infrastructure improvenments (sanitation, energy,water)
- secure hillsides
sucesses of the favela bairro project
- quality of life improved
failures of the favela bairro project
- basic literacy not addressed - adults needed this bc never been educated
- increased rents in improved favelas
- pavements caused flooding
- budget of $1bil didn’t cover everyone
- infrastructure improvements not maintained
list of all the urban growth opportunities
- health
- education
- water supply
- energy
- economic
list of all the urban growth challenges
- water and sanitation
- enegry
- health care
- education
- unemployment
- crime
list of all the environmental challenges
- waste disposal
- water pollution
- traffic congestion and air pollution
