C2 the challenges of resource management - food 2 Flashcards
3 things malnousishment leads to
- mineral and vitamin deficiency
- increased risk of organ failure
- children - stunt brain development
pros and cons to importing food in uk
pros
- all foods all year round - exotic foods
cons
- food miles - climate change
- forein farmers might not be fairtrade laws
agribuisiness, organic crops and fairtrade to tackle importing food problems
argribuisness
- modern technology - increase crop yield.
organic crops
- more expensive
- farmers wont use bad pesticides and fertilisers
fairtrade
- needed in other coutries
2 reasons why food consumption is growing globally
- development - coutries become wealthier
- better transport links - countries can share and trade food supplys better.
list the 5 factors effecting food supply
- climate
- technology
- pets and diseases
- water stress
- conflict
social, economic and environmental problems caused by food insecurity
social
- famine from crop failure/ political conflict - Ireland had the potatoe famine in 1845
- undernutrition
- protests
economic
- with a limited amount of food the price increases - causes inequality
environmental - increased pressure leads to:
- overgrazing
- deforestation
increasing supply of food by irrigation - what, pros, cons
digging water channels and extracting water from aquifiers to water crops
pro: reduces water shortages
cons: wasted water, small scale farmers cant afford
increasing supply of food by aeroponics and hydroponics - what, pros, cons
growing crops in water/air not soil.
pros: maximum growth for limited space, all year round growth bc inside, no pesticides/fertilisers
cons: ££ to run - energy for lights and heating ect, LICs cant afford
increasing supply of food by green revolution - what, pros, cons
in 1950s increased food production using machinery
pros: sustainable and increased crop yield, reduces labour
cons: machinery polluting bc burning fuels
increasing supply of food by biotechnology - what, pros, cons
genetically modified crops
pros: really increases crop yield, enginerred to release fewer greenhouse gasses
cons: lack of knowledge - may affect health, environment - ect????
sustainable food production by organic farming - what, pros, cons
farmers dont use chemicals when farming
pros`; good for environment
cons: £££££££
sustainable food production by permaculture - what, pros, cons
trying to adapt farming approaches to the ecosystem around them
pros: reduces food miles
cons`; little profit earned
sustainable food production by urban farming - what, pros, cons
wasted urban land converted to allotments
pros: sustainabily using wasted space
cons`; not large scale enough to feed a city, cant have animals like cattle bc not big enough
sustainable food production by sustainable fish sources - what, pros, cons
pros`; smaller net sizes to reduce the amount of young fish being killed
cons: not all countries have this eg Japan
sustainable food production by seasonal and local produce - what, pros, cons
shopping at local markets and only eating foods in season
pros: reduces food miles - better for environment eg only eating strawberries in summer, farmers get more money
cons: markets not open on all days
sustainable food production by reducing food waste - what, pros, cons
takes the pressure off food supplies
pros: families save £466 yearly by doing this
cons: supermarkets should give expired food to charities but they dont currently
CASE STUDY - jamalpur background info
- north bangladesh
- subsistence farmers ( only grow enough food for themselves )
- Rice and wheat farming most common
- The charity, Practical Action, has been supporting farmers in the region by introducing a new type of farming called rice-fish culture.
CASE STUDY - jamalpur why do they have rice-fish cultivation
- sustainable approach to increasing food supplies
- does not involve any artificial fertiliser or pesticide.
- does not require expensive equipment or external expertise.
- It is also not harmful to the environment.
CASE STUDY - jamalpur how does rice fish cultivation work
- PA help farmers find a field that wont wash away in flood
- dike built around edge of field
- ditch dug for fish to live i dry season
- farmer plants rice in rows and fills 50% of ditch with water
- water purified with lime
- rice gets harvested 4/5 months later and fish are collected
CASE STUDY- almeria background info
- south east spain
- desert arid landscape, only gets 200mm of rain annually
- largest concentration of greenhouses globally from large buisnesses and farmers eg bying out of season food
- gets $1.5 bill a year
CASE STUDY - almeria why has it developed
- diets change more ppl want fruit
- better transport on planes ect - cheaper
- cheap labour
CASE STUDY - almeria advantages and disadvantages of large scale agriculture development
pros
- irrigation and hydroponics - less water used
- warm temps - low energy costs
- lots of jobs
- fruit and beg all year round
cons
- plastics dumped in sea
- immigrants work illegally so bad working condiitons
- ecosystems destroyed bc large areas covered in plastic
- aquifers dying up bc too much water being used for greenhouses
list of ways for sustainable food production
- organic farming
- permaculture
- urban farming
- fish sources
- local and seasonal produce
- reducing food waste
list of ways to increase food supply
- irrigation
- aeroponics and hydroponics
- green revolution
- biotechnology
list of ways to tackle food import problems
- agribusiness
- organic crops
- fair trade
uk high value foods
- exotic fruits
- veg
- spices
- coffee
grown in lics and exported to uk
what % of uks carbon footprint comes from agriculture
10%
what happens when people cant access clean safe water
- without sanitation, the water gets polluted by sewage
- water borne diseases eg cholera and typhoid
- water is also needed to make clothes an poducts
what happens if people cant get enough energy
- we need it for industry and transport
- makes a country wealthier by supplying jobs by developing their industries
- lifestyle in an hic is depended upon lots of energy
- without electricty ppl may use other more pollutung resources eg kerosene stoves release harmful fumes
- electricyt can power pumps for wells for sanitised water
the global food consumption supply in HIC, NEES,LICS
HIC
- very high bc they can afford to import
NEE
- increasing rapidly because industry developing fast and pop and wealth also increasing fast
LIC
- low bc they cant afford. this is bc they lack the resources and cant afford to import or they get exploited by the hics
what increases our carbon foot print
- growing, processing and packaging
- food miles - transporting food from where its grown to where its consumed
how has farming become industrialised
agribusiness - large scale industrial famring where all the processes are controlled by large firms
- lots more harmful chemicals now used
- much larger scale
- much less workers now due to technology
where is there surplus and deficit in rainfall in uk
surplus - north and west - low pop density
deficit - south east and midlands - high pop density
why is water demand increasing
- water used in house holds increased by 70% bc more appliances eg dishwashers
- population increase
- pop density changing - more homes in south east where there is already a deficit
how does the water become polluted
- nitrates and phosphates from crop fertlilisers washed into rivers and groundwater
- pollutants from vehicles washed into water sources through runoff whren it rains
- chemicals and oils spills from factories pollute riverss
where does water in uk come froms to improve water quality
- better drainage systems
- regulations about the types of fertlisers and pesticides used
issues with water transfer (moving water from surplus to deficit areas)
- dams and aqeduts are expensive to build - birmingham prohect £300 mil
- affect wildlife eg fish. migration can be disrupted by dams etc
- political issues
hows the uks energy mix changed
- used to be 91% coal and oil - v bad for environment
- then found gas reserve under north seas in 1980 so 22% was then gas
- now more renewable energy so 19% renewable
- wind and biofuels and biggest sources of renewable energy in the uk
economic issues with energy sources
- gettings fossil fuels ££££££
- north sea oil is £££££ to produce - not worth it
- cost to the consumer for nuclear and renewable energy is high
- money needed to research new types of energy eg shale gas
- domestic sources dont reach uk demand so we have to import
environmental issues with energy sources
- fossile fuels - cc
- fracking - pollutes groundwater and mini earthquakes
- oil spills or nuclear accidents - toxic chemicals
- ## wind farms and tidal projects - drsrupt natural ecosystem
