X2 urban issues and challenges - London

Question 1

londons national and international importance

Answer 1

national
- 22% of uks gdp

international
- 6 airports
- 2012 olympics
- tourism

Question 2

why has london grown

Answer 2

• highly paid jobs
• amazing health care
• amazing education ect

Question 3

Londons opportunities in its cultural mix - shoreditch

Answer 3

• old buildings have converted into flats
• pubs and bars turned into resturants and galleries
• jobs in art, film
• many different ethnic groups and nationalities.

Question 4

Londons opportunities in its recreation - shoreditch

Answer 4

mid 2000s, Spitalfiels market was redeveloped
- now open every day of the week
- retail brands, street food, bars, restaurants, art, fasion etc

Question 5

Londons opportunities in its entertainment

Answer 5

• art - tours of street art etc
• shopping - independent shops, markets
• food - street food, cafes, restaurants
• music - live music, brick land jazz, festivals

Question 6

Londons opportunities in its employment and economy - London Docklands

Answer 6

• used to be for lots of ships with trade of the thames but this no longer happens obvs
• London Docklands Development Coroporation made it nicer
• huage amounts of jobs here - canary warf

Question 7

Londons opportunities in its transport - crossrail

Answer 7

• reduce journey times
• raise number of passengers
• stimulate further regeneration in london
• more accessible for disabled - no stairs

Question 8

Londons opportunities in its urban greening

Answer 8

• trees reduce global warming
• parks reduce risk of flooding
• 13,000 speices of wildlife in london
• 30,000 allotments for ppl to grow stuff in london

Question 9

Londons inequalities in life, housing and education

Answer 9

• LIFE: 87 years in kensington and chelsea, 81 years in barking
• HOUSING: victorian regenerated houses in chelsea, old counsil housing with bad pipes etc.
• EDUCATION: 80% of kids have 5+ GCSEs in chelsea, 62% of kids have 5+ GCSEs

Question 10

what is the difference between brownfield and greenfield sites

Answer 10

• brownfield land is a site that has been previously built on, located in an urban area.
• Greenfield hasn’t been built on – usually in a rural or countryside area.

Question 11

pros and cons with building on brownfield

Answer 11

PROS
- more likely to get planning permission
- cheaper bc already has drainage
- stops city expansion - environmental

CONS
- less space for gardens
- buying land is £££
- not as much choice what to build
- knock down what was already there

Question 12

pros and cons with building on greenfields

Answer 12

PROS:

• land is cheaper in rural areas
• healthier environment

CONS
- farming space lost
- makes countryside ugly
- creates noise and light pollution
- encourages suburban sprawl
- loss of wildlife

Question 13

Londons challenge of pollution

Answer 13

• london is v bad compeared to rest of EU
• mainly nitrogen dioxide from cars etc
• as a result 4000 ppl die each year due to long term exposuyre to the air pollution

Question 14

Londons challenge of waste disposal

Answer 14

• 1/4 of london’s waste is put into landfill outside the city - VERY BAD
• target for 0 waste to go to landfill by 2030 which means recycling rates will need to increase by 65%

Question 15

what was lower lea valley like before regenerating

Answer 15

• poor housing
• high unemployment
• ## crime and anti-scoial behaviour

Question 16

how was lower lea valley regenerated

Answer 16

• demolition of old factories and homes
• overhead cables and wires removed
• waterways cleaned
• added new sports venues
• sustainable schemes
• during olympics employed 3000 ppl
• athletes village converted to 2800 homes

Question 17

list of all Londons opportunities

Answer 17

• cultural mix - shoreditch
• recreation - Shoreditch
• entertainment
• employment - docklands
• transport - crossrail
• urban greening

Question 18

list of Londons challenges

Answer 18

• pollution
• waste disposal
• inequality - QOL, housing, education