X-ray Production

Question 1

What was the first experiment of Wilhelm Conrad Roetgen?

Answer 1

Crooke’s tube

Question 2

What was Wilhem Conrad notice in the experiment?

Answer 2

Barium platinocyanide

Question 3

When was X-ray discovered?

Answer 3

November 8, 1895

Question 4

Roentgen gave his preliminary report Über eine neue Art von Strahlen (On A New Kind of Rays) to the president of the Wuerzburg Physical-Medical Society, accompanied by experimental radiographs and by the image of his wife’s hand.

Answer 4

December 28, 1895

Question 5

His discovery quickly spread to the scientific community and on ________, the New York Times has already reported on his new kind of ray.

Answer 5

January 16, 1996

Question 6

These are electromagnetic radiation with a very short wavelengths. Produced when high-velocity electrons decelerated during interactions with a high atomic number material.

Answer 6

X-rays

Question 7

True or False
X-rays are produced by energy conversion when fast fast-moving electrons from the filament of the x-ray tube are suddenly decelerated by interacting with the target.

Answer 7

True

Question 8

In producing x-ray in a controlled condition, there are conditions that must be fulfilled to produce x-rays of specific energy and intensity. What are these conditions?

Answer 8

First - there must be a source of electrons
Second - electrons must have at a very high speed at a very short distance for a short period of time.
Third - the stream of electrons must be directed towards a specific target.

Question 9

X-ray tube has two major components: What are those?

Answer 9

Cathode and Anode

Question 10

It is the negative side of the x-ray tube. The most important part of the cathode is the filament, which is the source of electrons.

Answer 10

Cathode

Question 11

It is the positive side of the x-ray tube. It contains the high atomic number target material where electrons from the filament will interact.

Answer 11

Anode

Question 12

It is the source of free electron ______that is located in the cathode of the X-ray tube.

Answer 12

Filament

Question 13

The filament when heated will boil off electron, through a process called _____.

Answer 13

Thermionic Emission

Question 14

True or False

The higher the temperature, the greater the number of electrons break free from the atoms of the filament.

Answer 14

True

Question 15

The heat is generated by applying a small amount of current, called ______, to the filament of the x-ray tube.

Answer 15

Filament current

Question 16

True or False

The filament current, measured in mA, can be controlled by mA setting in the control console of the x-ray machine.

Answer 16

True

Question 17

True or False
The higher the mA setting, the higher the temperature of the filament, and more electrons are boiled off by thermionic emission.

Answer 17

True

Question 18

It is the boiling-off of outer shell electrons from the atom of the filament by application of heat.

Answer 18

Thermionic Emission

Question 19

It focuses the electrons into the target. It surrounds the filament on its back and sides, leaving the front open and facing the target. When electrons are boiled off from the filament, the strong negative charge of individual electrons and forces the electrons together.

Answer 19

Focusing Cup

Question 20

True or False
Electrons from the filament are accelerated towards the target by application of a very high potential difference, in thousands of volts, between the cathode and anode. This gives the electrons the kinetic energy to travel.

Answer 20

True

Question 21

The potential difference is controlled by the ______. This setting can be controlled in the ______.

Answer 21

Kilovolt peak

Control Console

Question 22

Electrons travelling from cathode to anode are also known as ________.

Answer 22

Projectile Electrons

Question 23

True or False
The force needs to raise the velocity of electrons from zero to half the speed of light in a short distance (usually 1 cm distance).

Answer 23

True

Question 24

True or False
Vacuum removes all the air inside the tube, thereby no interaction will happen, as electrons travel between the cathode and the anode.

Answer 24

True

Question 25

Electrons are _____ when they hit an atom along its path.

Answer 25

Deceleration

Question 26

True or False

The projectile electrons interact with the inner shell electrons but do not transfer sufficient energy to ionize them.

Answer 26

False - Outer shell

Question 27

The outer shell electrons immediately drop back to their normal energy with the emission of _______.

Answer 27

Infrared Radiation

Question 28

The kinetic energy of the projectile electron is _____ with mass and velocity.

Answer 28

Directly Proportional

Question 29

The transition of electrons from higher energy to lower energy state releases photons and is called _____.

Answer 29

Characteristic X-rays

Question 30

These emissions are called ______ because their energy is characteristic of the energy difference between the binding energies of the shells involved in the interaction.

Answer 30

Characteristic Photons

Question 31

It occurs when the incident electron interacts with the nuclear force field.

Answer 31

Bremsstrahlung Interaction

Question 32

As the electron is slowed down, it loses kinetic energy and changes direction. The energy that is lost in the braking is emitted as an _________.

Answer 32

X-ray Photon

Question 33

True or False
In bremsstrahlung interaction the energy is exactly the difference between the kinetic energy of entering and exciting electron. Thus, the higher the kinetic energy of the incident electron, the higher the energy of bremsstrahlung photon produced.

Answer 33

True

Question 34

When x-ray are produced from the target, the emission is isotopically, that means in all directions. But only those directed towards the window of the x-ray tube is allowed to escape the tube housing. This is what we call the ________

Answer 34

Primary Beam

Question 35

The x-ray tube housing are made from heavy metals with lead lining to absorb x-rays that travel in other direction and not going towards the window. However, some of the x-ray photons that are produced carries tremendous amount of energy that they can still penetrate the metal housing and the lead lining. If this happen, we call these x-rays, _______.

Answer 35

Leakage radiation

Question 36

X-rays that are emitted through the window of the x-ray tube.

Answer 36

Primary X-rays

Question 37

X-rays that were able to penetrate the protective housing of the x-ray tube.

Answer 37

Leakage X-rays

Question 38

X-rays that travel in a different direction after interacting with matter.

Answer 38

Scattered X-rays

Question 39

X-rays that passes through the patient body without interacting.

Answer 39

Remnant X-ray

Question 40

X-rays are the same x-ray photon that interact with the patient body with reduced energy and therefore travels in a different direction.

Answer 40

Scattered X-rays

Question 41

X-ray on the other hand, together with those x-rays that are absorb are the ones that creates the image on the x-ray film or any other image receptor.

Answer 41

Remnant X-ray