X-ray Production Flashcards
What was the first experiment of Wilhelm Conrad Roetgen?
Crooke’s tube
What was Wilhem Conrad notice in the experiment?
Barium platinocyanide
When was X-ray discovered?
November 8, 1895
Roentgen gave his preliminary report Über eine neue Art von Strahlen (On A New Kind of Rays) to the president of the Wuerzburg Physical-Medical Society, accompanied by experimental radiographs and by the image of his wife’s hand.
December 28, 1895
His discovery quickly spread to the scientific community and on ________, the New York Times has already reported on his new kind of ray.
January 16, 1996
These are electromagnetic radiation with a very short wavelengths. Produced when high-velocity electrons decelerated during interactions with a high atomic number material.
X-rays
True or False
X-rays are produced by energy conversion when fast fast-moving electrons from the filament of the x-ray tube are suddenly decelerated by interacting with the target.
True
In producing x-ray in a controlled condition, there are conditions that must be fulfilled to produce x-rays of specific energy and intensity. What are these conditions?
First - there must be a source of electrons
Second - electrons must have at a very high speed at a very short distance for a short period of time.
Third - the stream of electrons must be directed towards a specific target.
X-ray tube has two major components: What are those?
Cathode and Anode
It is the negative side of the x-ray tube. The most important part of the cathode is the filament, which is the source of electrons.
Cathode
It is the positive side of the x-ray tube. It contains the high atomic number target material where electrons from the filament will interact.
Anode
It is the source of free electron ______that is located in the cathode of the X-ray tube.
Filament
The filament when heated will boil off electron, through a process called _____.
Thermionic Emission
True or False
The higher the temperature, the greater the number of electrons break free from the atoms of the filament.
True
The heat is generated by applying a small amount of current, called ______, to the filament of the x-ray tube.
Filament current
True or False
The filament current, measured in mA, can be controlled by mA setting in the control console of the x-ray machine.
True
True or False
The higher the mA setting, the higher the temperature of the filament, and more electrons are boiled off by thermionic emission.
True
It is the boiling-off of outer shell electrons from the atom of the filament by application of heat.
Thermionic Emission
It focuses the electrons into the target. It surrounds the filament on its back and sides, leaving the front open and facing the target. When electrons are boiled off from the filament, the strong negative charge of individual electrons and forces the electrons together.
Focusing Cup
True or False
Electrons from the filament are accelerated towards the target by application of a very high potential difference, in thousands of volts, between the cathode and anode. This gives the electrons the kinetic energy to travel.
True
The potential difference is controlled by the ______. This setting can be controlled in the ______.
Kilovolt peak
Control Console
Electrons travelling from cathode to anode are also known as ________.
Projectile Electrons
True or False
The force needs to raise the velocity of electrons from zero to half the speed of light in a short distance (usually 1 cm distance).
True
True or False
Vacuum removes all the air inside the tube, thereby no interaction will happen, as electrons travel between the cathode and the anode.
True
Electrons are _____ when they hit an atom along its path.
Deceleration
True or False
The projectile electrons interact with the inner shell electrons but do not transfer sufficient energy to ionize them.
False - Outer shell
The outer shell electrons immediately drop back to their normal energy with the emission of _______.
Infrared Radiation
The kinetic energy of the projectile electron is _____ with mass and velocity.
Directly Proportional
The transition of electrons from higher energy to lower energy state releases photons and is called _____.
Characteristic X-rays
These emissions are called ______ because their energy is characteristic of the energy difference between the binding energies of the shells involved in the interaction.
Characteristic Photons
It occurs when the incident electron interacts with the nuclear force field.
Bremsstrahlung Interaction
As the electron is slowed down, it loses kinetic energy and changes direction. The energy that is lost in the braking is emitted as an _________.
X-ray Photon
True or False
In bremsstrahlung interaction the energy is exactly the difference between the kinetic energy of entering and exciting electron. Thus, the higher the kinetic energy of the incident electron, the higher the energy of bremsstrahlung photon produced.
True
When x-ray are produced from the target, the emission is isotopically, that means in all directions. But only those directed towards the window of the x-ray tube is allowed to escape the tube housing. This is what we call the ________
Primary Beam
The x-ray tube housing are made from heavy metals with lead lining to absorb x-rays that travel in other direction and not going towards the window. However, some of the x-ray photons that are produced carries tremendous amount of energy that they can still penetrate the metal housing and the lead lining. If this happen, we call these x-rays, _______.
Leakage radiation
X-rays that are emitted through the window of the x-ray tube.
Primary X-rays
X-rays that were able to penetrate the protective housing of the x-ray tube.
Leakage X-rays
X-rays that travel in a different direction after interacting with matter.
Scattered X-rays
X-rays that passes through the patient body without interacting.
Remnant X-ray
X-rays are the same x-ray photon that interact with the patient body with reduced energy and therefore travels in a different direction.
Scattered X-rays
X-ray on the other hand, together with those x-rays that are absorb are the ones that creates the image on the x-ray film or any other image receptor.
Remnant X-ray
