Periodic Table Flashcards
the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom, which determines the chemical properties of an element and its place in the periodic table.
Atomic number (Z)
the mass of an atom of a chemical element expressed in atomic mass units (amu). It is approximately equivalent to the number of protons and neutrons in the atom (the mass number) or to the average number allowing for the relative abundances of different isotopes.
Atomic mass (A)
It tells us the energy level of the element’s valence electron/s.
Periods
The exact location of an electron orbiting the nucleus is impossible to determine at a given point in time. In quantum mechanics, we can only mathematically determine the volume of space in which it is most likely to be found. Electrons lies within a particular shell – sub-shell – and orbitals.
Electron Configuration
Each electron shell is divided into sub-shells or sub-energy levels. As the energy level of electron shells increases, the number of sub-shell it contain also increases.
Subshell
Are complex-shaped high probability regions of space around the nucleus occupied by electron shells.
Orbitals
are the electrons found in the outermost shell of an atom. It determine the combining capacity of an atom.. If an atom’s outermost shell is completely filled, they are inert or least reactive and their combining capacity or valency is zero
Valence Electron
It is the strength of an attachment of an electron to the nucleus of an atom Designated as Eb, with its unit as electron volt (eV).
The closer an electron to the nucleus, the tighter the Eb, and the harder it is to remove an electron from its orbit.
It would take keV to remove an inner shell electron
Electron Binding Energy
is an atomic species with a definite number of protons and neutrons arranged in a definite order in the nucleus.
Nuclide
are those nuclides that are unstable and thus decay by emission of particles or electromagnetic radiations or by spontaneous fission.
Radionuclides
are nuclides of the same element having the same atomic numbers (Z) but different mass numbers (A).
Isotopes
nuclides of different chemical elements that have the same number of nucleons.
Isobars
the nuclides with the same number of protons and neutrons having different energy states and spins. These are nuclides in a metastable state caused by the excitation of one or more of its nucleons (protons or neutrons).
Isomer
