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RAD PROD > X-ray Interaction with Matter > Flashcards

X-ray Interaction with Matter Flashcards

1
Q 
It is defined as the rate of emitted energy from units surface area.
A. Attenuation
B. Linear Attenuation Coefficient
C. Radiation Intensity
D. Mass Attenuation Coefficient
A

Radiation Intensity

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2
Q 
It is the total number of photons or particles that comprises the beam per given time.
A. Attenuation
B. Linear Attenuation Coefficient
C. Radiation Intensity
D. Mass Attenuation Coefficient
A

Radiation Intensity

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3
Q 
It is the removal of photons from a beam of x-rays or gamma rays as it passes through matter.
A. Attenuation
B. Linear Attenuation Coefficient
C. Radiation Intensity
D. Mass Attenuation Coefficient
A

Attenuation

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4
Q 
The total reduction in the number of x-rays remaining in an x-ray beam after penetration through a given thickness of tissue.
A. Attenuation
B. Linear Attenuation Coefficient
C. Radiation Intensity
D. Mass Attenuation Coefficient
A

Attenuation

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5
Q

True or False

Attenuation is caused by both absorption and scattering of the primary photons.

A

True

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6
Q 
It is the actual fraction of photons interacting per 1unit thickness of the material.
A. Attenuation
B. Linear Attenuation Coefficient
C. Radiation Intensity
D. Mass Attenuation Coefficient
A

linear attenuation coefficient

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7
Q 
It describes the fraction of a beam of x-rays or gamma rays that is absorbed or scattered per unit thickness of the absorber.
A. Attenuation
B. Linear Attenuation Coefficient
C. Radiation Intensity
D. Mass Attenuation Coefficient
A

linear attenuation coefficient

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8
Q 
It is a quantity that characterizes how easily a material or medium can be penetrated by a beam of light, sound, particles, or other energy or matter.
A. Attenuation
B. Attenuation Coefficient
C. Radiation Intensity
D. Mass Attenuation Coefficient
A

attenuation coefficient

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9
Q

True or False
The rate at which photons interact (attenuation coefficient value) is determined by the energy of the individual photons, the atomic number of material, and density of the material.

A

True

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10
Q 
It is the rate of photon interactions per 1unit area mass.
A. Attenuation
B. Linear Attenuation Coefficient
C. Radiation Intensity
D. Mass Attenuation Coefficient
A

Mass Attenuation Coefficient

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11
Q

True or False
Mass attenuation coefficient values are normalized with respect to material density, and therefore there is changes in density.

A

False - therefore do not change with changes in density.

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12
Q

True or False

Material density does not have a direct effect on linear attenuation coefficient values.

A

False - does have a direct effect

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13
Q

_________ of an x-ray beam is the thickness of absorbing material necessary to reduce the x-ray intensity to half of its original value.

A

Half value layer

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14
Q

True or False

x-rays are attenuated exponentially, highenergy x-rays are more penetrating than low energy x-rays.

A

True

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15
Q

True or False

X-rays of any given energy are more penetrating in material of low atomic number than in material of high atomic number.

A

True

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16
Q

True or False
Photon interaction with matter is mainly dependent on the wavelength of electromagnetic radiation and therefore its energy.

A

True

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17
Q

Interact with the matter and be completely absorbed by depositing its energy,

18
Q

Interact and be scattered or deflected from its original direction and deposit part of its energy.

19
Q

True or False

It does not penetrate the body part without interaction to expose the image receptor.

A

False - it does

20
Q

True or False

Electromagnetic radiation interacts with structures with similar size to the wavelength of the radiation.

21
Q

True or False

The higher the energy of the electromagnetic radiation, the longer the wavelength.

A

False - high energy - shorter wavelength

22
Q

True or False

Low energy x-rays interact with whole atoms.

23
Q

True or False

Moderate energy x-rays interact with electrons.

24
Q

True or False

High energy x-rays interact with the nuclei.

25
Q 
It is sometimes called coherent scattering. It occurs when an incident photon changes direction without losing energy. Requires low energy radiation ≤10 keV.
A. Classical Scattering 
B. Compton Scattering
C. Side Scatter
D. Forward Scatter
A

Classical Scattering

26
Q

True or False
Classical Scattering usually occurs in tissues with low effective atomic number. It accounts for less than 10% of all photon interaction therefore of minor concern.

27
Q

True or False
Incident photon is momentarily absorbed either by a shell electron (Thomson scatter) or the atom as a whole (Rayleigh scatter).

28
Q 
It occurs when an incident photon interacts with the outer shell electron of the target atom. Requires energy above 10 keV.
A. Attenuation
B. Linear Attenuation Coefficient
C. Compton Scattering
D. Mass Attenuation Coefficient
A

Compton Scattering

29
Q

True or False
The energy of the scattered photon is equal to the difference between the energy of the incident photon and the energy imparted to the electron.

30
Q

True or False
The direction of scatter radiation is dependent on the amount of energy lost. The greater the energy lost, the greater would be the divergence from its original path.

31
Q 
low amount of energy lost.
A. Forward Scatter
B. Side Scatter
C. Backscatter
D. Photoelectric Interaction
A

Forward scatter

32
Q 
moderate amount of energy lost. Responsible occupational exposure.
A. Forward Scatter
B. Side Scatter
C. Backscatter
D. Photoelectric Interaction
A

Side Scatter

33
Q 
high amount of energy lost
A. Forward Scatter
B. Side Scatter
C. Backscatter
D. Photoelectric Interaction
A

Backscatter

34
Q 
It occurs when the incident photon interacts with the inner shell electron and losses its energy.
A. Forward Scatter
B. Side Scatter
C. Backscatter
D. Photoelectric Interaction
A

Photoelectric Interaction

35
Q 
The transition releases energy equivalent to the difference between the binding energies of the shells participating in the event and is called characteristic radiation.
A. Forward Scatter
B. Characteristic Radiation
C. Backscatter
D. Photoelectric Interaction
A

Characteristic Radiation

36
Q

True or False
A photoelectric interaction can not occur unless the incident x-ray has energy equal to or greater than the electron binding energy.

37
Q

True or False

As kVp increases the total number of photons which are transmitted without interaction increases

38
Q

If the incident x-ray has sufficient energy, it may escape the electron cloud and come close enough to the nucleus to come under the influence of the strong electrostatic field of the nucleus.
It requires photon energy equal ≥ 1.02 MeV.
A. Forward Scatter
B. Characteristic Radiation
C. Annihilation Reaction
D. Pair Production

A

Pair Production

39
Q 
negatron and positron will collide and cancel each other out. This is called \_\_\_\_\_\_. This reaction will cause the release of 2 photons moving in different direction with energy equal to 0.51 MeV.
A. Forward Scatter
B. Characteristic Radiation
C. Annihilation Reaction
D. Pair Production
A

Annihilation reaction

40
Q 
It occurs when incident photon strikes the nucleus of the atom. Requires energy above 10 MeV.
A. Photodisintregation
B. Characteristic Radiation
C. Annihilation Reaction
D. Pair Production
A

Photodisintregation

41
Q

True or False

Like pair production, the high energy needed to cause this makes it unimportant to diagnostic radiography.

RAD PROD (14 decks)

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