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RAD PROD > Concept of Radiation 2 > Flashcards

Concept of Radiation 2 Flashcards

1
Q

It is the range of wavelengths or frequencies over which electromagnetic radiation extends.

A

Electromagnetic Spectrum

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2
Q

The shortest wavelength, highest wavelength, highest frequency.

A

Gamma Rays

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3
Q

In the electromagnetic spectrum, it has greater than visible light it ranges from ultraviolet, x-ray, and gamma-ray what do you call that region?

A

Ionizing Radiation

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4
Q

In the electromagnetic spectrum, it has less than visible light it ranges infrared, microwave, and optical.

A

Non-Ionizing Radiation

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5
Q

Have the longest wavelengths in the electromagnetic spectrum. Carry signals television and cellular phones.

A

Radiowaves

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6
Q

These waves those closer to a foot in length, are the waves that heat our food in a microwave oven.

A

Longer microwaves

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7
Q

A type of microwave that is used in remote sensing.

A

Shorter microwaves

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8
Q

Also known as “IR,” lies between the visible and microwave portions of the electromagnetic spectrum.

A

Infrared

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9
Q

This is the radiation produced by the motion of atoms and molecules in an object. A type of radiation is essentially heat radiation.

A

Infrared

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10
Q

Radiation is so named because the wavelength of infrared rays is just a bit longer than that of red rays.

A

Infrared

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11
Q

A type of infrared refers to the part of the infrared spectrum that is closest to visible light.

A

Near-infrared

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12
Q

A type of infrared refers to the part that is closer to the microwave region.

A

Far-infrared

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13
Q

A type of infrared is the region between these two.

A

Mid-infrared

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14
Q

Are the only electromagnetic waves visible to human eyes. Seen as the colors of the rainbow

A

Visible Light

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15
Q

When all the waves are seen together, they make white light. When white light shines through a prism, the white light is broken apart into the colors of the ________.

A

Visible Light Spectrum

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16
Q

It has the longest wavelength, low frequency, and low energy in the visible light spectrum.

A

Red

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17
Q

It has the shortest wavelength, highest frequency, highest energy in the visible light spectrum

A

Violet

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18
Q

The source of the full spectrum of ultraviolet radiation,

A

Sun

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19
Q

What rays are the most harmful and are almost completely absorbed by our atmosphere.

A

UV-C rays

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20
Q

What rays are the harmful rays that cause sunburn. Exposure to these rays increases the risk of DNA and other cellular damage in living.

A

UV-B rays

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21
Q

The region of ultraviolet that light is closest to optical or visible light.

A

Near-Ultraviolet

22
Q

The region of ultraviolet that light closest to X-rays, and is the most energetic of the three types.

A

Extreme Ultraviolet

23
Q

The region of ultraviolet that lies between the near and extreme ultraviolet regions

A

Far Ultraviolet

24
Q

Have shorter wavelengths and higher energy than ultraviolet waves. were first observed and documented in 1895 by Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen.

A

X-rays

25
Q

Have the smallest wavelengths and the most energy of any other wave in the electromagnetic spectrum. These waves are generated by radioactive atoms and in nuclear explosions. It can kill living cells, a fact which medicine uses to its advantage, using gamma-rays to kill cancerous cells

A

Gamma Rays

26
Q

A stream of atomic or subatomic particles that may be charged positively (alpha particles) or negatively (beta particles) or not at all (neutrons). Involves tiny fast-moving particles that have both energy and mass.

A

Particulate Radiation

27
Q

Particulate radiation is primarily produced by the disintegration of an unstable atom.

A

Radioactive Decay

28
Q

Are a type of ionizing radiation ejected by the nuclei of some unstable atoms. It is a relatively heavy, high-energy subatomic particle consisting of two protons and two neutrons

A

Alpha Particle

29
Q

Alpha particles have a velocity in air of approximately ______ the speed of light

A

one-twentieth

30
Q

Alpha emitters may be used to treat cancer, by inserting tiny amounts of radium into the tumorous mass.

A

Radium-226

31
Q

Alpha emitters serve as a static eliminator in paper mills and other industries. The alpha particles, due to their positive charge, attract loose electrons, thus reducing the static charge.

A

Polonium-210

32
Q

Some smoke detectors use the alpha emissions from _____.

A

Americium-241

33
Q

High velocity electrons with an electrical charge of -1. It means high speed.

A

Beta Particles

34
Q

Beta particles have a mass of ______ of one amu, which is about 1/2000 of the mass of a proton or neutron.

A

549 millionths

35
Q

______ is credited with the discovery of beta particles. In 1900, he showed that beta particles were identical to electrons.

A

Henri Becquerel

36
Q

Beta emitters, treatment of thyroid disorders, such as cancer and graves disease (a type of hyperthyroidism).

A

Iodine-131

37
Q

Beta emitters, Radioactive tracer in medical and agricultural studies.

A

Strontium-90

38
Q

Beta emitters, Life science and drug metabolism studies to ensure the safety of potential new drugs.

A

Tritium

39
Q

Are able to penetrate tissues and organs of the human body when the radiation source is outside the body.

A

Neutron Radiation

40
Q

A free neutron has a half life of approximately ______ (the neutron decays via beta decay to a proton and an antineutrino) Heilbronn (2015)

A

15 minutes

41
Q

These are energies below thermal energies typically corresponding to meV and sub meV energies, i.e., from 0 to 0.025 eV

A

Cold Neutrons

42
Q

Neutrons colliding with atomic nuclei either pick up energy if they are moving slower than the colliding nucleus, or lose energy if they are moving faster.

A

Thermal neutrons

43
Q

Generally have energies between 100’s of eV to 0.5 or 1 MeV.

A

Slow neutrons

44
Q

Generally between 0.5 and 10 - 20 MeV. These are the energies of neutrons emitted by fission sources.

A

Fast neutrons

45
Q 
Neutrons above 20 MeV.
A. Cold Neutrons
B. Thermal Neutrons
C. Slow Neutrons
D. Fast Neutrons
E. High Energy Neutrons
A

High energy neutrons

46
Q

the electric charge of +1e and has the same mass as an electron. is the antiparticle or the antimatter counterpart of the electron.

A

Positron

47
Q

Who in 1932 concluded the existence of a positive particle of electronic mass (positive electron) and in 1936 was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics for it.

A

Carl D. Anderson

48
Q

It refers to any process by which electrically neutral atoms or molecules are converted to electrically charged atoms or molecules. It is one of the principal ways that radiation, such as charged particles and X rays, transfers its energy to matter

A

Ionization

49
Q

Radiation that has enough energy to cause the atoms in a molecule to vibrate but not enough to remove electrons

A

Non-Ionizing Radiation

50
Q

Carried by any of several types of particles (particulate) and rays (electromagnetic radiation) given off by radioactive material, X-ray machines, and nuclear reactions. Radiation with enough energy so that during an interaction with an atom, it can remove tightly bound electrons from the orbit of an atom, causing the atom to become charged or ionized

A

Ionizing Radiation

51
Q

Includes charged particles (electrons, positrons, protons, alpha particles, heavy ions) with sufficient energy to ionize atoms or molecules. This may result in the production of a relatively energetic secondary electron, often referred to as a delta ray, which itself will go on to produce multiple ionization events.

A

Directly ionizing

52
Q

When an ionizing photon, such as a gamma ray, interacts with material it commonly sets free a single electron in a process but is not capable directly of producing the multiple ionization events that characterize the interactions of a charged particle.

A

Indirectly ionizing radiation

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