Concept of Radiation Flashcards
The emission of energy as electromagnetic waves or as moving subatomic particles, especially high-energy particles which cause ionization.
Radiation
A stream of particles or electromagnetic waves emitted by the atoms and molecules of a radioactive substance as a result of nuclear decay.
Radiation
The two major sources of radiation.
Natural Sources
Artificial Sources
A source of natural background radiation, which originates in outer space and is composed of penetrating ionizing radiation (both particulate and electromagnetic).
Cosmic Background Radiation
Electromagnetic radiation emitted by the Earth’s surface and the atmosphere is also found throughout nature such as in soil, water, and vegetation.
Terrestrial Radiation
a naturally occurring radioactive gas which can accumulate in enclosed places, including houses and other buildings.
Radon
When a radioactive atom decays, its nucleus, which is unstable, breaks down, turning into the nucleus of another element, called a ________.
Daughter product
Primary source of radiation from the human body.
Potassium-40
What is the amount of the radioactive isotope 40k in a 70-kg person is about ______, which represents 5,000 atoms undergoing radioactive decay each sound.
5,000 Bq, 5,000 atoms
It is derived from plants.
Carbon
the dose received by an individual in the course of employment in which the individual’s assigned duties involve exposure to radiation or to radioactive material.
Occupational dose
Pure energy with no mass and is like vibrating or pulsating waves of electrical and magnetic energy. Produced by a vibrating electric charge and as such, they consist of both an electric and a magnetic component.
Electromagnetic Radiation
Acts like a stream of small “packets” of energy called ________
Photons
electromagnetic radiation travels in a straight line at the speed of light _______
(3 x 10^8 m/s).
A changing magnetic field will induce a changing electric field and vice-versa—the two are linked. These changing fields form ______ differ from mechanical waves in that they do not require a medium to propagate.
Electromagnetic Waves
The number of crests that pass a given point within one second is described as the _____ of the wave.
Frequency
The distance between crests is the _____.
Wavelength
An electron volt is the amount of kinetic energy needed to move an electron through one volt potential
Energy
1 eV =
1.602 x 10^-19 J
1 J =
6.242 x 10^18 eV
True or False
The variation in dose from one person to another is not as great as the variation in dose from cosmic and terrestrial sources.
True
Primary Source of radiation in the human body.
Potassium
True or False
Relationship Between Frequency and Wavelength: Shorter wavelength, higher frequency
True
Relationship Between Frequency and Wavelength: Longer wavelength, lower frequency
True
True or False
Relationship Between Frequency, Wavelength, and Energy: The shorter the wavelength, the higher the frequency, the higher the energy of electromagnetic radiation
True
Relationship Between Frequency, Wavelength, and Energy: The longer the wavelength, the lower the frequency, the lower the energy of electromagnetic radiation.
True
What is the plank’s constant?
6.626x10^-34 J.s or 4.1357x10^-15 eV.s
True or False
The variation in dose from one person to another is not as great as the variation in dose from cosmic and terrestrial sources.
True
True or False
The only difference between the various types of electromagnetic radiation is the amount of energy.
True
True or False
Electromagnetic waves can travel through vacuum space
True
