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RAD PROD > Charged Particles with Matter > Flashcards

Charged Particles with Matter Flashcards

1
Q 
This refers to radiation with enough energy to knock an electron loose from an atom.
A. Ionizing Radiation
B.  Collisions
C. Ionization
D. Secondary Ionization
A

Ionizing Radiation

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2
Q

True or False

Only a fraction of the particle’s energy can be transferred to an electron in an atom or molecule

A

True

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3
Q

True or False

A minimum of 100 eV is necessary to knock these electrons

A

True

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4
Q

As a particle transfers their energy, it slows down. Its energy is kinetic energy and kinetic energy is equal ________.

A

KE = ½ 𝑚𝑣^2

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5
Q

True or False
It slows down as it transfers energy. As kinetic energy decreases, velocity must also decrease, since mass remains constant.

A

True

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6
Q 
Are often used to describe the transfer of energy from particle to atom.
A. Ionizing Radiation
B.  Collisions
C. Ionization
D. Secondary Ionization
A

Collisions

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7
Q

The kinetic energy of the particle is cleanly transferred as kinetic energy to the electron.

A

Elastic Collision Exists.

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8
Q 
This includes the conversion of the particle’s kinetic energy to some other form (electron moving to a higher energy shell). This is common between large charged particles (proton, alpha particle) and electron.
A. Inelastic Collision
B. Elastic Collision
C. Primary Ionization
D. Secondary Ionization
A

Inelastic Collision

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9
Q 
This takes place if the amount of energy transferred by the particle is greater than the electron’s binding energy, the electron is removed from the atom.
A. Ionizing Radiation
B.  Collisions
C. Ionization
D. Secondary Ionization
A

Ionization

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10
Q 
The creation of an ion pair by ionizing radiation is called \_\_\_\_\_\_.
A. Inelastic Collision
B. Elastic Collision
C. Primary Ionization
D. Secondary Ionization
A

Primary Ionization

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11
Q

It is an atom with a deficiency of electrons (loses an electron).

A

Cation

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12
Q 
It is an atom with an excess of electrons (gains an electron).
A. Cation
B. Anion
C. Range
D. Specific Ionization
A

Anion

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13
Q 
Is formed by the freed (ionized) electron causing its own ionization due to its significant amount of kinetic energy.
A. Inelastic Collision
B. Elastic Collision
C. Primary Ionization
D. Secondary Ionization
A

Secondary Ionization

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14
Q

The freed electron is often called ______ or collectively known as _____–

A

Secondary Electron

Delta Rays

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15
Q

are roughly two times more common than ionization in air.

A

Electron excitations

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16
Q 
As charged particles travels through matter, it creates number of ion pairs per unit length. Which is dependent on (a) energy of charged particle and (b) density of matter it is traveling through.
A. Cation
B. Anion
C. Range
D. Specific Ionization
A

Specific Ionization (SI)

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17
Q

True or False

The specific ionization of alpha particles traveling through air varies from 8 to 15 million ion pairs per meter (IP/m).

A

False - 3 to 7 million

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18
Q

Amount of energy deposited per unit path length is called ______

A

Linear Energy Transfer (LET)

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19
Q

True or False

LET of a charged particle is proportional to the square of the charge and inversely proportional to its kinetic energy.

A

True

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20
Q

Correct What makes the Sentence Wrong
Low LET radiations (alpha particles, protons, etc.) are more damaging to tissue than High LET radiations (electrons, gamma and x-rays).

A

High Let radiations are more damaging than Low Let radiations

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21
Q 
It is defined as the average distance a charged particle will travel before being stopped.
A. Cation
B. Anion
C. Range
D. Specific Ionization
A

Range

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22
Q

For alpha particle and other heavy charged particles, range can be calculated by _______

A

dividing the energy of alpha particle (E) by its average linear energy transfer
(LET) R = E/LET

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23
Q

Alpha particle range (cm) in air can also be estimated solely from its energy using _____

A

Ra-air = 0.31 E^3/2 a

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24
Q

True or False

specific ionization and LET vary with the energy of the particle 40,768.09 IP/cm

A

True

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25
Q 
It plots the energy loss of ionizing radiation during its travel through matter. This represents the fact that charged particles deposit much of their energy after penetrating matter some distance. The probability of interaction increases as the particle continues to decelerate.
A. Path Length
B. Multiple Scattering Events
C. Ionization
D. Bragg Peak
A

Bragg Peak

26
Q 
Electrons follow tortuous paths in matter as the result of\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
A. Path Length
B. Multiple Scattering Events
C. Ionization
D. Bragg Peak
A

Multiple Scattering events

27
Q

True or False

Charged particle results in dense and usually linear ionization track.

A

True

28
Q

It is the actual distance particle travels.

A

Path Length

29
Q 
It is actual depth of penetration in matter.
A. Cation
B. Anion
C. Range
D. Specific Ionization
A

Range

30
Q 
Their high kinetic energy, positive charge and large mass compared to an electron, allows them to cause a great many ionizations in a very short travel distance.
A. Annihilation
B. Beta Particle Interaction
C. Alpha Particle Interaction
D. Neutron Interactions
A

Alpha Particle Interaction

31
Q

True or False

Alpha particles are not easily shielded against and can be stopped by a single sheet of paper.

A

False - are easily shielded

32
Q 
It is much less massive and less charged than alpha particles and interact less intensely with atoms in the materials they pass through.
A. Annihilation
B. Beta Particle Interaction
C. Alpha Particle Interaction
D. Neutron Interactions
A

Beta Particle Interaction

33
Q

True or False

High energy beta particles are not capable of penetrating the dead layer of the skin

A

False - Low energy

34
Q 
As the positron moves along, it pulls electrons out of the atoms and produces \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
A. Path Length
B. Multiple Scattering Events
C. Ionization
D. Bragg Peak
A

Ionization

35
Q 
the process occurs when the antimatter positron combines with the conventional matter electron. In this interaction, the masses of both particles are completely converted into energy.
A. Annihilation
B. Beta Particle Interaction
C. Alpha Particle Interaction
D. Neutron Interactions
A

Annihilation

36
Q

The energy equivalent of one electron or positron mass is ____.

A

511 keV

37
Q 
Are uncharged particles. They do not interact with electrons. Do not directly cause excitation or ionization.
A. Annihilation
B. Beta Particle Interaction
C. Alpha Particle Interaction
D. Neutron Interactions
A

Neutron Interactions

38
Q 
Carries a negative charge.
A. Corpuscles
B. Electrons
C. Elastic Interaction
D. Characteristic X-rays
A

Electrons

39
Q

Thompson termed it as _______ and found out that it is 1,000 times smaller than a hydrogen atom

A

Corpuscles

40
Q

True or False

The mass of electron is approximately 1/1836 of that of a proton

A

True

41
Q 
No energy is transferred from the electron to the sample. Hence, there is no loss of energy.
A. Corpuscles
B. Electrons
C. Elastic Interaction
D. Characteristic X-rays
A

Elastic Interaction

42
Q

True or False
Elastic scattering happens if the electron is deflected from its path by Coulomb interaction with the positive potential inside the electron cloud.

A

True

43
Q

True or False
Inelastic scattering is a general term which refers to any process that causes the primary electron to lose a detectable amount of energy

A

True

44
Q 
The processes all involve an interaction between the primary beam electrons and orbital electrons of the atom in the sample or material. There is always energy loss.
A. Corpuscles
B. Inelastic Interaction
C. Elastic Interaction
D. Characteristic X-rays
A

Inelastic Interaction

45
Q

True or False
Incident electron travelling through the atom might transfer part of its energy to an electron located in the atom’s outer most shell

A

False - inner most shell

46
Q

True or False
The energy transfer to an inner shell is important because the electronic state of the generated ion is energetically unstable

A

True

47
Q

These are emitted when an electron from a higher energy level drops to fill the electron hole in a lower energy level.

A

Characteristic X-rays

48
Q

True or False

Every element has a characteristic number of electrons localized in a well-defined energy states

A

True

49
Q

True or False

The more electrons and thus energy levels an element has, the more transitions are possible.

A

True

50
Q

It requires _____ eV to remove a carbon K electron and ______ eV to remove a tungsten K electron

A

283 eV

69,508 eV

51
Q

An alternative to X-ray emission is ejection of an outer electron carrying away the transferred energy of the primary electron as kinetic energy. The process is known as __________.

A

Auger emission

52
Q

True or False
Auger electrons are produced when a sample is bombarded with electrons and a characteristic Xray produced by inner shell ionization is reabsorbed, ejecting an electron.

A

True

53
Q

True or False
Auger effect is more common in elements with high atomic number because their atomic electrons are more loosely bound and their characteristic X-rays more readily absorbed

A

False - low atomic number

54
Q

which loses some of its energy to the inner shell electron

A

Primary Electrons

55
Q

which fills the hole in the inner shell

A

Outer electron

56
Q

which carries off the surplus energy

A

Other Outer Electron

57
Q

True or False

The Braking radiation is the main constituent of the continuous X-ray emission spectrum

A

True

58
Q

Several mechanism of inelastic electron matter can lead to the ejection of a _________

A

secondary electron (SE)

59
Q

True or False
Electrons located in the valence or conduction band need only the transfer of a small amount of energy to gain the necessary energy to be ejected into the vacuum

A

True

60
Q

True or False

Electrons that are located in the inner shells are stronger bound and less readily ejected.

A

True

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