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Nursing, LPN, Year 1 > x A&P - Ch 3, Cells and their function > Flashcards

x A&P - Ch 3, Cells and their function Flashcards

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0
Q

Types of Microscopes

A

Single lens
TEM transmission electron
SEM scanning electron

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1
Q

Cytology

A

The study of cells

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2
Q

Image of cell

A

See image

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3
Q

Plasma Membrane

A

Phospholipids
Cholesterol
Proteins

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4
Q

Nucleus

A

Largest organelle in cell

Houses chromosomes

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5
Q

Cytoplasm

A

Fills nucleus membrane to plasma membrane

Endoplasmic reticulum
Ribosomes
Mitochondria
Golgi apparatus
Lysosomes
Peroxisomes
Vesicles
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6
Q

DNA, RNA structure

A

Four nucleotides: AGCT OR U
Sugar: ribose, deoxyribose
Phosphate
Nitrogen Base

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7
Q

Surface Organelles

A

Cilia

Flagellum

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8
Q

DNA

A

Gene codes for bldg of amino acids

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9
Q

RNA

A

Protein synthesis

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10
Q

Meiosis

A

Division of sex cells

Until they go from 46 to 23 chromosomes in order to fertilize w egg or sperm to have 46 total again

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11
Q

Mitosis

A

Division of somatic cells

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12
Q

Ribosomes

A

Site of protein synthesis

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13
Q

Golgi Apparatus

A

Carries thyroid enzyme out of the thyroid

Secretes enzymes

?

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14
Q

Liposomes

A

?

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15
Q

Peroxisomes

A

?

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16
Q

Granulosite

A

?

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17
Q

Vesicles

A

?

Bubbles that contain chemicals to be transported out of the cell

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18
Q

Centrioles

A

Develop during cell division, Mitosis

Structured items that help cells divide

19
Q

Surface Organelles

A

Cilia

Flagellum

20
Q

Genes

A

Portion of chromosome that control body characteristics

21
Q

How many chromosomes do we have?

A

46

22
Q

Down Syndrome

A

Trisomy 21

Growth on the 21st chromosome

23
Q

DNA

A

Deoxyribonucleic acid

24
Q

RNA

A

?

25
Q

Mitotically active

A

Cancer cells

Keeps splitting out of control

26
Q

How does Glucose travel

A

Insulin opens door in plasma membrane for glucose to enter

If no insulin, blood sugar gets high. Stays in blood and can’t pas through cells. Cells are still starving so they get cravings and eat more creating more sugar in blood. Diabetes

27
Q

Passive Transport

A

Doesn’t need ATP to pass through cell membrane

Diffusion- seeks equal concentration
Osmosis- water following salt
Filtration - w pressure, kidneys
Facilitated infusion

28
Q

Isotonic

A

.9% NaCl
Saline
Isotonic to body

29
Q

Hypotonic Solution

A

Half normal saline

.45%

30
Q

Glomerula filtrate

A

Urine

31
Q

Phagocytosis

A

WBC cleaning up uses ATP

32
Q

Cell in hypotonic solution?

A

Water flows into saltier cell and gets engorged may even burst

33
Q

Hypertonic solution

A

Dehydrates cells

Crenated cell

34
Q

Cell Aging

A

Free Radical injury -most common sun
Enzyme Injury
Gene Alteration or Mutation - DNA not lining up
Slowing cell activity- age
Apoptosis- programmed cell death. After certain amount of replications, cell just stops

35
Q

Membrane Potential

A

Difference in electric charge on either side of plasma membrane

35
Q

Cytosol

A

Liquid part of cytoplasm

36
Q

Types Parts of Cells

A 
Channels
Transporters
receptors
Enzymes
Linkers
Cell identity markers
36
Q

Plasma membrane made of

A

Carbs
Lipids
Proteins

37
Q

ER

A

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Network w/in cytoplasm

Smooth ER- synthesis of lipids
Round ER- ribosomes attached and synthesis of protein

38
Q

Ribosomes made where

A

In Nucleolus

Then live on ER or in cytoplasm

39
Q

Mitochondria

A

Energy from nutrients converted to cellular energy, ATP

40
Q

Autolysis

A

Self destructing . When lysosomes consumes itself

41
Q

Golgi Apparatus

A

Sorting and modifying proteins then packaging them for export from the cell

42
Q

Vesicles

A

Move materials in and out of cells

43
Q

Centrioles

A

Rod shaped bodies near nucleus that function in cell division. Help organize cells and diode cell contents during this process.

44
Q

4 stages of Mitosis

See pic

A 
Interphase - resting
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase

Nursing, LPN, Year 1 (44 decks)

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