X A&P FINAL - random facts

Question 1

plasma CELLS

Answer 1

also called plasma B cells, plasmocytes, and effector B cells, are white blood cells that secrete large volumes of antibodies. They are transported by the blood plasma and the lymphatic system. Like all blood cells, plasma cells originate in the bone marrow; however, these cells leave the bone marrow as B cells, before terminal differentiation into plasma cells, normally in lymph nodes.
-circulate antibodies

Question 2

Plasma made of

Answer 2

54% of blood. Minus solid RBC

contains Albumin, clotting factors, complement, antiodies

Question 3

Complement

Answer 3

group of enzymes that help antibodies fight pathogens

Question 4

Albumin

Answer 4

Most abundant protein in plasma. helps regulate body osmotic pressure (made in liver)

Question 5

Liver makes

Answer 5

• glycogen storage,
• decomposition of red blood cells,
• plasma protein synthesis (albumin),
• hormone production, and detoxification.
• bile, emulsification of lipids.

Question 6

Erythrocytes - RBC

no nucleus

Answer 6

RBC

• carry o2 bound to hemoglovin.
• carry CO2

Question 7

Leukocytes - WBC

granulocyte and agranulocyte

Answer 7

• immunity

- live in blood, tissue and lymphatic system

Question 8

Platelets

Answer 8

• fragments of large cells (megakaryocytes)

- Hemostatis, form platelet plug adn start coagulation (blood clotting)

Question 9

Granulocytes (granular leukocytes)

Answer 9

• Neturophils (most) (aka Polys)
• Eosinophils
• Basophils

Question 10

Agranulocytes

Answer 10

• lymphocytes (originate in RBM, develop and multiply in lymphoid tissue)
• Circulate in lymphatic system.
• monocytes are largest

Question 11

Neutrophil function (Granulocyte)

Answer 11

Phagocytosis

Question 12

Eosinophils (Granulocyte)

Answer 12

Allergic reaction, anti parasite

Question 13

Basophils (Granulocyte)

Answer 13

Allergic, inflammatory

Question 14

Lymphocytes (agranulocyte)

Answer 14

Immunity (Tcells)

Question 15

Monocyte (agranulocyte)

Answer 15

Phagocytosis

Question 16

Immunoglobulins

Answer 16

produced by plasma cells aka Antibodies,

Question 17

Hypersensitivity

Answer 17

tendency to react unfavorably to certain substance that is normally harmless to most people (i.e. low BP triggers in kidney in af-am compared to non black)

Question 18

Inflammation response

Answer 18

1) RUBOR - redness, capilarry dilations to increase blood flow to area
2) TUMOR - swelling, due to passage of plasma to damaged site
3) CALOR - heat, capillary dilation resulting from increased blood flow
4) DOLOR - pain, destruction of tissue

Question 19

Intrinsic factor

Answer 19

a gastric juice secretion responsible or vit B12 absorption from the intestine (made in stomach)

(pernicious anemia disease resulting form lack of B12)

Question 20

Reticulocyte

Answer 20

immature red blood cells

Question 21

Hemostasis steps ( preventing blood loss due to injury)

Answer 21

1) contraction of smooth muscle (vasoconstriction)
2) Formation of platelet plug
3) formation of blood clot (coagulation)
4) substance released from damaged tissue, prothromibinase
5) prothrombinase converts prothrombin to thrombin
6) thrombin converts soluble fibrinogen into fibrin.

Question 22

Blood needs to form…

Answer 22

B12
Iron
Copper
Vit A
Vit C

Question 23

cardiac output

Answer 23

volume of blood pumped in one minute

HR x SV = cardiac output

Question 24

Heartrate

Answer 24

number of beats per minute

Question 25

stroke volume

Answer 25

volume of blood pumped out with each beat