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Grade 10 Science > ww2 History Test > Flashcards

ww2 History Test Flashcards

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1
Q

Maginot Line

A
  • Line of fortifications built by France along its eastern border with Germany, extending from the Swiss border to Luxembourg
  • Designed to protect France from a German invasion, following the heavy losses of World War I
  • The line featured extensive defenses, including concrete bunkers, tank obstacles, artillery casemates, and underground facilities
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2
Q

Hyperinflation

A

Hyperinflation during World War II refers to the extreme and rapid increase in prices experienced by countries like Germany and Hungary due to war expenditures, destruction of infrastructure, and excessive money printing, leading to severe economic instability and devaluation of their currencies

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3
Q

Red Army

A
  • The military force of the Soviet Union, officially known as the Workers’ and Peasants’ Red Army
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4
Q

Aryan Race

A
  • This was a term used to describe a supposed “master race” of caucasians, northern european descent, central to nazi ideology
  • This concept was central to Nazi ideology and used to justify their policies of racial purity, anti-Semitism, and the genocide of millions.
  • During World War II, the Nazis used the term “Aryan race” to describe a supposed master race of non-Jewish Caucasians of Northern European descent, characterized by features like blond hair and blue eyes
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5
Q

Isolationist

A
  • This was a person or policy that wanted to focus on the country’s problems and not get involved with external conflicts
  • An “isolationist” referred to a person or policy favoring a country’s withdrawal from international affairs and avoiding involvement in external conflicts
  • In the context of the United States, isolationists advocated for staying out of the European and Asian wars, focusing instead on domestic issues and avoiding foreign entanglements
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6
Q

Fuhrer

A
  • “Führer” was the title used by Adolf Hitler, meaning “leader” or “guide” in German
  • Hitler adopted this title to signify his absolute authority over Nazi germany
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7
Q

Facism

A
  • An extreme political ideology. Far right on the political spectrum. This political ideology is characterized by authoritarianism, extreme nationalism, and centralized control under a single leader (LIKE NORTH KOREA). It suppresses dissent, glorifies militarism, and promotes a hierarchical society often based on racial or ethnic superiority.
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8
Q

Nazism

A
  • The totalitarian ideology and political movement led by Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party in Germany from the 1920s to 1945. It emphasized extreme nationalism, racial purity (particularly anti-Semitism), authoritarianism, militarism, and the pursuit of expansionist foreign policy
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9
Q

Naitonal Socialist

A
  • A National Socialist in World War II was a follower of National Socialism, the ideology of Adolf Hitler’s Nazi Party in Germany
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10
Q

Reichstag

A
  • The Reichstag during World War II refers to the German parliament building in Berlin, which was a significant symbol of political power and governance under Nazi rule
  • It was notably involved in passing laws that consolidated Hitler’s dictatorial authority after he became Chancellor in 1933
  • the Reichstag building itself became a target of Allied bombing campaigns due to its political and symbolic importance to the Nazi regime
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11
Q

Anti-Semitism

A
  • Refers to prejudice, discrimination, hostility, or hatred directed against Jews as a religious, ethnic, or racial group
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12
Q

Communism

A
  • A political and economic ideology advocating for a classless society where resources are owned and controlled collectively, aiming to eliminate wealth disparities and create equality among individuals and classes
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13
Q

Appeasement

A
  • Appeasement in World War II was the policy of giving in to the demands of aggressive powers, particularly Nazi Germany, in the hope of avoiding conflict
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14
Q

Statute of Westminster

A
  • The Statute of Westminster, passed in 1931, granted legal autonomy to self-governing dominions within the British Empire, recognizing them as equal in status to the United Kingdom and allowing them full legislative independence
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15
Q

Censorship

A
  • Censorship during World War II involved government control over information, media, and communication to manage public opinion, protect military secrets, and suppress dissent
  • This included restrictions on news reporting, censorship of letters and telegrams, and propaganda efforts to influence public perception and morale.
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16
Q

Gestapo

A
  • The Gestapo (Geheime Staatspolizei) was the secret police force of Nazi Germany during World War II
  • The Gestapo targeted political opponents, Jews, resistance groups, and anyone considered a threat to Nazi rule, employing brutal methods of interrogation, arrest, and imprisonment, contributing significantly to the regime’s control over German society and occupied territories
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17
Q

Kristallnacht

A
  • Kristallnacht, or the Night of Broken Glass, was a coordinated attack by Nazis against Jews and their property across Germany and Austria on November 9-10, 1938
  • This was a night of violence, destruction of synagogues and businesses, arrests and arrests. It marked a significant escalation in Nazi persecution of Jews and the beginning of systematic discrimination that foreshadowed the Holocaust.
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18
Q

Demilitarized Zone

A
  • A Demilitarized Zone (DMZ) referred to an area where military forces were prohibited from operating or stationed.
  • These zones were established by agreements between warring parties or neutral countries to create a buffer or safe area between conflicting forces, aiming to reduce the risk of hostilities and protect civilians or sensitive areas from military activities.
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19
Q

Munich Agreement

A
  • The Munich Agreement was a 1938 pact between Germany, France, Britain, and Italy that allowed Nazi Germany to annex the Sudetenland, a region of Czechoslovakia with a significant ethnic German population
  • It aimed to appease Hitler and avoid war, but it ultimately failed to prevent German aggression
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20
Q

Neville Chamberlain

A
  • A British politician who served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1937 to 1940. He is best known for his policy of appeasement towards Nazi Germany in the lead-up to World War II
  • Chamberlain believed in negotiating with Adolf Hitler to avoid conflict
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21
Q

Sudetenland

A
  • The Sudetenland was a region of Czechoslovakia inhabited by a significant German-speaking minority
  • It became a focal point of international tensions when Nazi Germany demanded its annexation, citing the protection of ethnic Germans
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22
Q

Treaty of Versailles

A
  • The Treaty of Versailles, signed in 1919, officially ended World War I between Germany and the Allied Powers. It imposed harsh penalties on Germany, including territorial losses, disarmament, and reparations payments, aiming to punish Germany and prevent future conflicts. The treaty’s terms are often cited as contributing factors to economic instability and resentment in Germany, eventually leading to the rise of Adolf Hitler and World War II.
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23
Q

Axis Powers

A
  • The Axis Powers during World War II were a coalition of countries led by Germany, Italy, and Japan, who fought against the Allied Powers
  • They formed a military alliance based on common interests in territorial expansion, militarism, and anti-communism. The Axis Powers fought against the Allied Powers, which included countries such as the United States, Soviet Union, United Kingdom, and others, during the war.
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24
Q

Allied Powers

A
  • Were the United States, Soviet Union, United Kingdom, and other countries that opposed the Axis Powers of Germany, Italy, and Japan
  • Together, they fought against aggression and expansionism, ultimately achieving victory in 1945
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25
Q

Luftwaffe

A
  • The aerial warfare branch of the German Wehrmacht (armed forces) during World War II
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26
Q

Blitzkrieg

A
  • Meaning “lightning war” in German, was a military strategy used by Nazi Germany during World War II
  • It involved rapid and coordinated attacks using tanks, aircraft, and infantry to create shock and disorganization in enemy lines
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27
Q

Non-aggression pact

A
  • The Non-aggression Pact of 1939 was a treaty between Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union, signed shortly before the outbreak of World War II. It pledged that the two countries would not attack each other and agreed to divide Eastern Europe into spheres of influence.
28
Q

Miracle at Dunkirk

A
  • This refers to the evacuation of Allied troops from the beaches and harbor of Dunkirk, France, in May and June 1940
29
Q

Adolf Hitler

A
  • The dictator of Nazi Germany from 1933 until his death in 1945. He was the leader of the Nazi Party, known for his radical ideology, anti-Semitic beliefs, and aggressive expansionist policies that precipitated World War II
30
Q

Nazi Party

A
  • The Nazi Party, formally known as the National Socialist German Workers’ Party (NSDAP), was a far-right political party in Germany led by Adolf Hitler. It rose to prominence in the 1920s and gained power in 1933, when Hitler became Chancellor. The Nazi Party promoted extreme nationalism, racial superiority (particularly anti-Semitism), and authoritarianism. It implemented totalitarian policies, suppressed political opposition, and ultimately led Germany into World War II
31
Q

Spitfire

A
  • The Spitfire was a British single-seat fighter aircraft used prominently by the Royal Air Force (RAF) during World War II
  • It is renowned for its role in the Battle of Britain in 1940, where it helped defend British airspace against German Luftwaffe attacks. The Spitfire was known for its speed, maneuverability, and distinctive elliptical wings
32
Q

Black Christmas

A
  • Marked by significant military operations and hardships for both Allied and Axis forces. It was a period of intense fighting and harsh weather conditions, particularly during the Battle of the Bulge in Western Europe
  • The term “Black Christmas” reflects the somber and challenging circumstances faced by soldiers on both sides during this time.
32
Q

Black Pit

A
  • A significant 300-mile gap, known as the “Black Pit,” existed in the mid-Atlantic. This gap, which was located within the RCN’s zone, allowed Germany to maintain the upper hand in the Battle of the Atlantic for the years 1941-1943
33
Q

Concentration camp

A
  • Facilities used by Nazi Germany to imprison and systematically exterminate millions of Jews, as well as other persecuted groups such as Romani people, disabled individuals, political prisoners, and others deemed undesirable by the Nazi regime
  • These camps were characterized by harsh conditions, forced labor, starvation, and mass executions through gas chambers and other method
34
Q

POW

A
  • Prisoner of War. During World War II, POWs were military personnel who were captured and held captive by enemy forces
  • They were subject to international laws governing their treatment, though conditions varied widely depending on the captor and the circumstances of capture. POWs often endured hardships, forced labor, inadequate food and medical care, and sometimes harsh treatment or abuse
35
Q

Battle of Stalingrad

A
  • One of the largest and bloodiest battles in history
  • The Battle of Stalingrad, fought from August 1942 to February 1943, was a major turning point in World War II. It saw Nazi Germany and its allies pitted against the Soviet Union in a brutal urban conflict for control of the city of Stalingrad (now Volgograd). The Soviet victory halted Germany’s advance into the Soviet Union and marked a pivotal shift in momentum on the Eastern Front, eventually leading to the Allies’ victory over Nazi Germany in 194
36
Q

The Final Solution

A
  • The Nazi plan for the systematic genocide of European Jews during World War II
  • It aimed to exterminate all Jews in Nazi-occupied Europe
  • The Final Solution resulted in the deaths of six million Jews, along with millions of others deemed undesirable by the Nazis, in what became known as the Holocaust.
37
Q

Jewish Ghetto

A
  • A segregated area within a city where Jewish populations were forcibly relocated and confined by Nazi authorities
  • Ghettos were characterized by overcrowded and unsanitary conditions, limited access to food, healthcare, and basic necessities, and severe restrictions on movement
  • Ghettos were a central component of Nazi persecution and genocide against Jews in occupied Europe
38
Q

Mobile Killing Fields

A
  • Refers to Nazi Germany’s Einsatzgruppen, mobile units deployed during World War II to systematically exterminate Jews, intellectuals, and others deemed enemies of the regime in Eastern Europe
  • They operated behind German front lines, massacring civilians in mass shootings, often in ravines or forests
  • They were responsible for the deaths of over 1000 in WW2
39
Q

Liberation

A
  • Refers to the military and political process by which occupied territories, countries, and populations under Axis control were freed and restored to their sovereign states or governments by Allied forces
  • It marked the end of Nazi occupation and oppression, bringing hope and relief to millions who had suffered under Axis rule
  • Liberation of the Jews in concentration camps by the americans
40
Q

Genocide

A
  • The intentional and systematic destruction, in whole or in part, of a national, ethnic, racial, or religious group. It involves acts such as mass killing, causing serious bodily or mental harm, or deliberately inflicting conditions calculated to bring about the group’s physical destruction
41
Q

What tactics did hitler use to rise to power?

A
  • Hitler used the broken state of Germany after WW2 to manipulate the people into thinking what he was doing was ok
  • Charismatic Leadership
  • Propaganda
  • Exploring economic hardship
  • Violence and intimidation
    Political strategy
  • Legal manipulation
  • Racial and Anti-Semetic Ideology
42
Q

What’s the significance of the SS San Louis

A

On 13 May 1939, more than 900 Jews fled Germany aboard a luxury cruise liner, the SS St Louis. They hoped to reach Cuba and then travel to the US - but were turned away in Havana and forced to return to Europe, where more than 250 were killed by the Nazis
- a significant event that highlighted the plight of Jewish refugees fleeing Nazi persecution and the world’s indifference to their suffering.
- This left a lasting impact on immigration policies
- This exposed ant-semitism and closed doors

43
Q

what were hitlers 3 moves that defied the treaty of versailles

A
  • Rearmament and expansio of the German n=military
  • Remiliterization of the Rhineland
  • Anschluss with Austria
44
Q

How did the west appease hitler

A

The west let Hitler do alot of bad things without consequence, so in there best world, something bad wouldn’t happen and chaos wouldn’t occur

The Western powers of Britain and France appeased Hitler’s aggressive territorial demands through a series of concessions in the years leading up to World War II:

  • Allowing the Remilitarization of the Rhineland in 1936, violating the Versailles Treaty, without consequence.
  • Accepting the Anschluss annexation of Austria by Germany in 1938, despite it being prohibited by Versailles.
    The Munich Agreement in 1938, allowing Hitler to annex the Sudetenland region of Czechoslovakia, which Chamberlain hoped would satisfy Hitler’s demands.
  • Failing to firmly oppose Hitler’s further aggression, such as occupying the rest of Czechoslovakia in 1939 and invading Poland later that year, which finally led Britain and France to declare war.
45
Q

Dif between neville and Churchill

A
  • neville liked hitler, praised him and thought what he did was ok. He appeased him
  • Churchill never liked hitler, he thought and knew what he was doing was wrong. Churchill did not want to appease hitler and had different views
46
Q

How did Britain defend themselves during the Battle of Britain

A
  • Britain defended itself during the Battle of Britain through the tenacity of the Royal Air Force’s Fighter Command, its integrated air defense network utilizing radar, production capabilities to replace losses, innovative tactics like flexible fighter formations and concentrated anti-bomber attacks
  • Lutwafee styled attacks
47
Q

who are the axis powers

A

Nazi germany, kingdom of Italy, empire of Japan
- he coalition of nations that opposed the Allied Powers during World War II

48
Q

Who are the allied powers

A

USA, uk, Soviet Union, china are main, France Poland are side peices
- These are the United Nations

49
Q

what is the miracle at Dunkirk

A

The “Miracle of Dunkirk” refers to the evacuation of over 338,000 Allied soldiers from the beaches of Dunkirk, France between May 26 and June 4, 1940 during World War II.

50
Q

Why did the allies go to Dieppe

A

The Allies launched the Dieppe Raid in 1942 to test amphibious assault techniques and capture a fortified port, with the long-term goal of establishing a foothold in occupied Europe

51
Q

Why wasn’t dieppe succesfful

A

The Canadians suffered heavy casualties, with only 2,200 of nearly 5,000 troops returning. The raid exposed critical flaws in Allied planning, including the need for overwhelming firepower, air superiority, and specialized equipment

52
Q

why was dieppe important later on for the allies

A
  • The raid exposed critical flaws in Allied planning, including the need for overwhelming firepower, air superiority, and specialized equipment
  • he lessons learned at Dieppe were crucial for improving amphibious assault tactics and equipment used in later successful landings like D-Day in 1944.
  • The sacrifices at Dieppe helped pave the way for the eventual Allied victory in Europe
53
Q

What was the Italian campaign and how did it work?

A

The Allied Italian Campaign from 1943-1945 aimed to knock Italy out of the war, force Germany to divert troops from the Eastern Front, and liberate Italy through a series of amphibious landings and a slow, grinding advance up the Italian peninsula.

54
Q

Why was the ititlaian campaign tactic used

A

The Allied Italian Campaign from 1943-1945 aimed to knock Italy out of the war, force Germany to divert troops from the Eastern Front, and liberate Italy through a series of amphibious landings and a slow, grinding advance up the Italian peninsula.

55
Q

Was the Italian campaign tactic successful

A

No

56
Q

How was this different from other battles

A
  • It was a prolonged, attritional slog rather than a decisive breakthrough
57
Q

When did the Americans come into war and why?

A
  • The attack on pearl harbour was the imideate trigger
  • Ultimately, the US concluded that its own security and interests were tied to the defeat of the Axis powers
58
Q

Why did the Canadians go to Hong Kong? Why was this battle different than others?

A
  • reinforcements to help defend the British colony against a potential Japanese attack
  • this was different because were rlly abusive
59
Q

What was the Battle of the Atlantic?

A

The Battle of the Atlantic was the longest continuous battle of World War 2

60
Q

why was this dangerous

A
  • hazardous navigation
  • German boat attacks
  • lack of protection
  • inadequate training and equipment
  • isolation and lack of reinforcements
  • German surface warships
  • air power
61
Q

Explain black pit

A

black pit is a significant 300 mile gap, that allowed germany to maintain the upper hand in the battle of the Atlantic

62
Q

what is D day and what was it code named

A
  • the Allied invasion of Normandy
  • Juno, gold, Omaha, Utah, sword
63
Q

where did day take place

A

normandy france

64
Q

when did day happen

A

June 6th 1944

65
Q

what does d day and ve stand for

A

D day: dead day
VE Day: victory in europe

66
Q

what happened to hitler at he end of the war

A
  • hitler unalived himself

Grade 10 Science (18 decks)

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