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Grade 10 Science > Chapter 12 and 13 Science Optics Test > Flashcards

Chapter 12 and 13 Science Optics Test Flashcards

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1
Q

What is refraction?

A

The bending or change in direction of light when it travels from one medium into another

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2
Q

What happens when light slows down from one medium to the other

A

The refracted ray bends towards the normal

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3
Q

What happens when light speeds up from one medium to the other

A

The refracted ray bends away from the normal

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4
Q

Rule of refraction

A

The incident ray, rafracted ray and normal all lie on the same plane

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5
Q

What is partial reflection and refraction?

A

When light is reflected and refracted at the same time

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6
Q

Example of partial reflection and refraction

A

Two way mirrors

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7
Q

Why does refraction take place?

A

Because light travels at different speeds in different mediums

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8
Q

If the refracted ray bends away from the normal is the light travelling faster or slower?

A

Faster

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9
Q

If the refracted ray bends towards from the normal is the light travelling faster or slower?

A

Slower

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10
Q

What is the Index of Refraction?

A

The ratio of the speed of light in a vacuum to the speed of light in a medium

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11
Q

Is the speed of light different in different mediums?

A

Yes

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12
Q

Whats the equation of the Index of Refraction?

A

n = c/v C
NV

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13
Q

What do C N V represent?

A

c = speed of light in a vaccum (always know this variable)
n = index of refraction
v = variable (speed of light in the given medium)

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14
Q

What is the constant value of C?

A

3.00 x 10*8 m/s

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15
Q

What is SNELLS LAW (The other way to calculate Total Internal Refraction)

A

n = sin<i / sin<r

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16
Q

What is Total Internal Reflection (TIR)

A

When the angle of incidence is greater then the critical angle and instead of their being a refracted ray the light reflects

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17
Q

What needs to happen for TIR to occur

A
  • The light has to travel from a slower to a faster substance
  • The angle of incidence is large enough that no refraction occurs in the second medium, but instead reflects
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18
Q

What is the critical angle?

A

The angle of incidence that results in an angle of refraction of 90 degrees (on the principal axis)

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19
Q

What is fibre optics?

A
  • A technology that uses light to transmit info along a glass cable
  • The cable has a small critical angle so that light entering it will have a greater angle of incidence resulting in reflection resulting in no light escaping
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20
Q

The critical angle for saphire is 34.4, for each angle determine if it results in TIR or refraction.
a) 23.7
b) 34.7
c) 53.4
d) 31.5

A

a) Refraction
b) Tir
c) TIR
d) refraction

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21
Q

Will you get more or less TIR with a medium that has a small critical angle vs one with a large critical angle?

A

You will get more TIR with the small critical angle and less with the large bc for TIR to occur the angle of incidence has to be greater then the critical angle

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22
Q

Why is the Triangular prism relevant?

A
  • Bc it exhibits TIR.
  • By changing the orientation of a prism you can change the direction of the emergent ray.
  • Triangular prisms are actually more useful to reflect light then mirror os bc they reflect almost 100% of the light internally
23
Q

What are retro reflectors?

A
  • A device that “lights up” or “shines” when light is shined on it
  • The emergent ray is parallel to the incident ray causing two TIRs
  • These reflectors return any incident light in the exact same direction from which it came
24
Q

What are periscopes?

A
  • Periscopes use triangular prisms to change the direction of light by 90 degrees twice
  • You can look through the bottom of a tube that is pointing up and still see the image clearly by the light reflecting into your eyes
25
Q

When do we use fibre optic cables?

A
  • phones
  • computers (internet)
  • TV’s (HD, cable,etc.)
  • medicine
  • Christmas lights
26
Q

What is apparent depth?

A
  • The depth that an object appears to be at due to the refraction of light int a transparent medium
  • an illusion
27
Q

When you see a fish in water where is it actually located?

A

Due to the refraction of light objects under water always appear to be closer to the surface then they actually are. So the fish you see are deeper then you think

28
Q

What is the Mirage?

A

A virtual image that forms as a result of refreaction and TIR in earths atmosphere

29
Q

Example of mirage

A

The appearance of their being a pool of water on the highway

30
Q

When does a mirage appear?

A

When light is travelling from cool air into warm air. The index of refraction for air decreases as the air gets warmer, resulting in light bending away from the normal

31
Q

Why does light shimmer on the lake?

A

Caused by light travelling at slightly different speeds through air layers or different temperatures

32
Q

What is despersion and why does it occur?

A
  • The seperation of white light into its constituent colours
  • BC each colour of visible light travels at a slightly different speed when it goes through the glass prism
33
Q

What are the two lens types?

A

Converging and Diverging

34
Q

What is a converging lens?

A
  • A lens that is thickest in the middle
  • Causes incident parallel light rays to converge through a single point after refraction
  • Different Salt
35
Q

What are things we use that have a converging lens?

A
  • Magnifying glass
36
Q

What is a diverging lens

A
  • A lens that is thinnest in the middle - Causes incident ray parallel light ray to spread apart after refraction
  • same salt
37
Q

What is the optical center (oc)

A

the point at the exact center of the lens

38
Q

Where is the principal focus and secondary principal focus located on a converging lens

A

pf is on right sife
spf is on left side

39
Q

Where is the principal focus and secondary principal focus located on a diverging lens

A

spf is on right sife
pf is on left side

40
Q

What is an emergent ray?

A

A ray that leaves the lens after refraction

41
Q

Three rules to locating a image in a Converging lens

A
  1. Parrell through principal focus
  2. Through spf parrellel
  3. Through optical center
42
Q

How do you locate the image when object is inside f?

A
  • Extend the refracted rays onto the same side as the object
  • this creates a larger, upright, same side, virtual image
43
Q

What is the only SALT and location when image type is virtual and upright

A
  • Inside f
  • larger, upright, same side, virtual
44
Q

Three rules to locating an image in a diverging lens

A
  1. Parellel, refracted through pf then refraction ray extended
  2. Ray that appears to be refracted through 2f, goes parallell and extends parallel line
  3. Line through optical center
45
Q

Define

do
di
f
2f
hi
ho
m

A
  • distance of the object (always positive)
  • distance of the image
  • focus/focal point
  • double the focal length
  • height of the image
  • heigh of the object
  • magnification (no units)
46
Q

What is the thin lens equation?

A

1/do + 1/di = 1/f

47
Q

What are the magnification equations?

A

m= - di/do m= hi/ho

48
Q

Specific rules

A
  • do is always positive
  • f and di is negative for diverging lenses
49
Q

What part of your answers do you use to figure out the Size in SALT?

A
  • Magnification
    x0.5 = smaller, x1 = same size, x2 = bigger
50
Q

What part of answers do you use to figure out the Attitude in SALT?

A
  • M
  • When m is POSITIVE image is UPRIGHT, when m is NEGATIVE image is inverted
51
Q

What part of your answers do you use to figure out the Location in SALT?

A
  • di
  • You use the di and figure out if the image is between f and 2f, beyond f etc (based on if the value is larger, smaller, or the same of f and 2f)
52
Q

What part of your answers do you use to figure out the Type of image in SALT?

A
  • di
  • When di is positive image is real, when di is negative image is virtual
53
Q

Based on these calculations determine the salt of an image in a converging lens

do = 7.5 f = 5 ho=2
di=15 m= -2 hi = -4

A

S Larger
A Inverted
L beyond 2f
T Real

54
Q

Whats the salt on a diverging lens?

A

S smaller
A upright
L same side
T virtual

Grade 10 Science (18 decks)

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