Chapter 1 Chem Quiz Flashcards
to not fail 🥺
Where are the protons and Neutrons found
the nucleus
Where are electrons found
orbiting the nucleus
What are the charges for a proton, neutron and electron
positive, neutral (no charge), negative
Whats a valence electron
an electron in the outermost shell of an atom electrons that are involved in forming chemical bonds
When something gains electrons to be stable it becomes ____
negative
ie F-
When something loses electrons to be stable it becomes ____
positive
ie Mg+2
What is an isotope
Atoms of elements that have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons
What is isotopic abundance
the amount of a given isotope of an element that exists in nature, expressed as a percentage of the total amount of this element
What is AMU
atomic mass unit
What is the formula for average atomic mass
AVG atomic mass = {mass of isotope 1 x abundance} + {mass of isotope 2 x abundance}
Trends with ATOMIC RADIUS
DECREASES across a PERIOD
INCREASES across a GROUP
trends with IONIZATION ENERGY
INCREASES across a PERIOD
DECREASES across a GROUP
trends with ELECTRON AFFINITY
INCREASES across a PERIOD
DECREASES SLIGHTLY across a GROUP
A particle that gains electrons is called a ___
anion
trends with ELECTRONEGATIVITY
INCREASES across a PERIOD
DECREASES SLIGHTLY across a GROUP
A particle that loses electrons is called a ___
cation
how are elements int eh table arranged
atomic mass
t or f, a flourine ion has 7 valence electrons
False.
A fluorine ion (F⁻) has 8 valence electrons.
In its neutral state, fluorine has 7 valence electrons, but when it gains an electron to become a fluoride ion (F⁻), it has a full octet with 8 valence electrons.
When estimating a missing value for atomic radius how would u do it?
look at the value of the elements before and after, then it has to be a number in between.
ie manganese
Cr 0.118
Mn ______
Fe 0.117
therfrore the atomic radius of this element is between 0.117 and 0.118
When estimating a missing value for first ionization energy how would u do it?
look at the value of the elements before and after, then it has to be a number in between.
ie selenium
As 947
Se ____
Br 1140
therfrore the atomic radius of this element is between 947 and 1140
How do chemists define the radius of an atom
An atomic radius is obtained by measuring the distance between the nuclei of two identical atoms bonded together and dividing that distance by two. For non-bonding atoms, the van der Waals radius is used, which measures the closest approach between atoms.
how does the amount of charge in the nucleus of an atom effect the size of an atom
The amount of charge in the nucleus (the number of protons) affects the size of an atom because a greater positive charge pulls the electrons closer to the nucleus, reducing the atomic radius. As the nuclear charge increases across a period, the atom gets smaller due to stronger attraction between the nucleus and the electrons
why does helium not have a third ionization energy
Helium does not have a third ionization energy because it only has two electrons. After both electrons are removed (first and second ionization), there are no more electrons left to ionize. Ionization energy refers to the energy required to remove an electron, so with no remaining electrons, a third ionization energy cannot exist for helium.