History Exam Flashcards
Whos in the Triple Entente and what is it
- Great Britain, France, and Russia
- The nucleus of the Allied Powers in World War I
What is the triple alliance and who’s in it
Secret agreement between Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy
What are bluebirds
- The nursing women that worked in the war
- They worked in the support trenches behind the front lines and medically helps people
- They called them bluebirds because they wore a blue uniform
Who were the women who served overseas
Many women who knew how to drive volunteered to go overseas to serve as ambulance and truck drivers or mechanics
What is rationing and why
- Rationing of all resources between everyone
- This was to ensure soldiers fighting overseas had enough food, red meat, white flour and white sugar
The invasion of which country started WWI?
This began with the invasion of Serbia by Austria-Hungary. This invasion was in response to the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria on June 28, 1914, by a Bosnian Serb nationalist. Austria-Hungary issued an ultimatum to Serbia, which led to a series of mobilizations and declarations of war involving multiple countries, eventually escalating into a full-scale global conflict
What is the war guilt clause
This forced Germany to accept complete responsibility for initiating world war I. Germany had to make enormous reparation payments
What is the convoy system and why
- A group of ships sailing together for protection, was designed to help protect cargo in passenger ships during the First and Second World War. The system was created out of desperation.
- It was needed to protect cargo being shipped overseas from attacks from german navy or U-boats
What is conscription and why’d we need it?
- conscription forced all male citizens between the ages of 16 and 45 to serve in the military until the end of World War I
- to fill empty spaces in the armed forces which could not be filled through voluntary means. We need it to have a stronger military and without it britain would have been much too weak
How did Canadians feel about conscription and what were the problems with it?
- French-Canadians, as well as many farmers, unionized workers, non-British immigrants, and other Canadians, generally opposed the measure. Especially young kids as they did not wanna got lose their lives in battle when they still have so much life to live
- Caused in 1917 one of the biggest debates in Canadian history. This was tearing our nation apart and as a young country should have been coming together not tearing apart due to opinions
What is prohibition and what was the intention
- Prohibition in the 1920s was a period in the United States from 1920 to 1933 during which the production, sale, and transportation of alcoholic beverages were banned
- The intention was to reduce crime and social problems, but it led to a rise in organized crime, illegal speakeasies, and widespread disregard for the law.
First female senator
In the 1920s, Canada’s first female Senator was Cairine Wilson. She was appointed to the Senate on February 15, 1930, by Prime Minister William Lyon Mackenzie King
Who were the famous five and what are they known for
- The “Famous Five” were five Canadian women—Emily Murphy, Irene Parlby, Nellie McClung, Louise McKinney, and Henrietta Muir Edwards—who fought for women’s rights in the 1920s
- They are best known for their successful campaign in the “Persons Case” of 1929, which established that women could be appointed to the Canadian Senate, recognizing them as “persons” under the law
Invention of insulin
- The invention of insulin is credited to Dr. Frederick Banting and his assistant, Charles Best, in 1921. Working at the University of Toronto, they successfully isolated insulin
- This groundbreaking discovery provided a life-saving treatment for diabetes, transforming it from a fatal disease to a manageable condition
- Banting and Macleod were awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1923 for their work on insulin.
What were some new inventions in the 1920’s
- Automobiles and Radios
- The 1920s saw a burst of technological innovation and the introduction of many new inventions that had a significant impact on daily life
What is the Indian act, was it criticized and why?
The Indian Act is a Canadian federal law that governs the legal status, rights, and services of Indigenous peoples (First Nations) in Canada, including defining Indian status, managing reserves, and governing Indigenous affairs
It has been criticized for its historical assimilationist policies and continues to be a topic of debate and reform efforts.
What are Flappers and how did they demonstrate themselves
- young women who rebelled against traditional norms of the time, embracing a lifestyle that was unconventional and characterized by a sense of freedom and independence
- This was shown through their bold fashion, behavior, and pursuit of independence, symbolizing the spirit of the Roaring Twenties
What is the persons case
The Persons Case refers to a pivotal legal case in Canada during the 1920s. It aimed to establish whether women could be considered “persons” eligible for appointment to the Senate under the British North America Act of 1867 (now the Constitution Act, 1867)
Buying on Credit, the bad things it caused
- People bought a lot of expensive things on credit and couldn’t pay it back
- In the 1920’s canadians were encourage to “Buy now pay later”
- You only needed a small down payment to purchase large expensive goods so people bought a lot that they couldn’t necessarily afford, also they didn’t actually own anything
- People even bought stocks on credit which was dumb
- When people lost jobs and wages went down (after 1930), companies repossessed many goods and they could not afford to pay back their stocks, people lost everything
What is the On-to-Ottawa Trek
- April 1935, workers in BC camp staged a walkout and demanded better working conditions and wages, they hopped on trains and hitched rides to vancouver, desiring gto take theri case to PM Bennett in ottawa.
- 1500 men gathered and began their trek to ottawa, collecting money, food and support for regular canadians on the way, who supported their cause
Universal Healthcare - Tommy Douglas
- Member of The CCF and elected MP in 1935
- Named the Greatest Canadian by CBC in 2004
- Premier of Saskatchewan, during this time he most importantly he created Universal Free Healthcare for all of Canada
- It started in saskatchewan then progressed to the rest of canada
RB Bennet - What did he do, tell me about him
- The 11th prime minister of canada
- He became PM in 1930 and the conservatives promised to fix the depression
- He was in power during most of the depression
- He was seen as cold or uncaring, he made the bank of canada, and public work and relief
What is the Statuate of Westminster, what did it do, who was involved etc
- The Statute of Westminster, passed in 1931, was a key piece of legislation that granted full legislative independence to the dominions of the British Empire
- This included including Canada, Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa
- It marked a significant step towards sovereignty, allowing these countries to make their own laws without British approval and confirming their status as equal members of the Commonwealth
What is appeasement, did it work?
- Appeasement is the action of giving into someone provided their demands are seen as reasonable, This usually happened so people wouldn’t go into war, and so it would cause less conflicts but that did not work
- DID NOT WORK: When Neville chamberlain became the PM of britain in 1937 he declared that gave into hitlers demands would prevent another war, he was wrong. WE SEE THIS IN STUENLAND CRISIS OF 1938
Info about Hitler, the Sudetenland and Appeasement
The treaty of Versailles reclaimed land from Germany to make czechoslovakia. Hitler demanded the sudetenland in September 1938 Chzekslovakia adamantly refused and called on the Allies for help. Without a response hilters demand became an ultimatum. “Give me this land or war”. THe allies conveined in munich where the sudeten crisis was to be resolved
What was the result of this
The resulting munich agreement asked hitelr to only take the sudetenland and nothing more. THE IDEA WAS TO APPEASE HITLER SO NOTHING “BAD” WOULD HAPPEN. Germany was given the sudetenland with the promise to not invade the rest of Czechoslovakia. Czechoslovakia however was not permitted to attend the conference. Hitler violated the Munich agreement later by invading the rest of Czechoslovakia in march 1939.
“The night of the broken glass”
- Kristallnacht
- German synagogues were burned, windows in jewish shops were smashed, some 100 jews were killed and thousands more arrested, 8000 business and homes looted, from 1933 to 1939, hundreds of thousands of Jews who were able to leave Germany did, while those who remained lived in a constant state of uncertainty and fear
What was the purpose of NATO
The purpose was a collective defence treaty (an attack against one member is considered an attack against all)
- NATO vs Warsaw Pact
Define Genocide
Systematic and deliberate attempt to kill all members of another group
What does NATO stand for
North Atlantic Treaty Organization
When was NATO formed
1949
Who were the original members of NATO
USA, the United Kingdom, Canada, France, Denmark, Iceland, Italy, Norway, Portugal, Belgium, Netherlands, and Luxembourg
Canada and NATO
- Along with US Canada is a founding member
- Nato has benefited canada by: Having access to advanced military equipment and has developed trading relationships and business opportunities with other Nato Countries, HOWEVER, being apart of NATO has involved Canada in several conflicts
What does NORAD stand for
North American Air/Aerospace Defense Command
What is NORAD
a bi-national military organization established by the United States and Canada in 1958
Why was NORAD created, what did it do
- Due to long range missiles IBM (intercontinental Ballistic Missiles) - Canada and the USA created the NORAD agreement in 1958
- US and Canada agreed to defend each other
- The DEW (distant early warning system) line was established in the NWT’s
- High powered radar could detect air attacks from far distances
- New Technologies (atomic bombs) Demanded better defensive strategies
What was the ARMS Race
- Nations around the world try to build and gain there own weapons, basically it was an actual race on who could build the best nuke
- Nations around the world tried to build and gain their own weapons
- An arms race started when the USSR had the bomb in 1945
- Alliances in the cold war caused a result of an arms race to began, whereby each alliance tries to outdo each other militarily
Battles of ww1 in order
- Ypres
- Somme
- Vimy Ridge
- Passchendaele
SOVIET UNION, UNITED STATES
- US and Soviet Union were the SUPERPOWERS
- Each wanted to prove their superiority, causing an arms race where each alliance tries to outdo each other militarily
When did Battle of Ypres happen and where
- First battle of Ypres, Oct 19 1915 to Nov 22 1914
- Second battle, April 22 1915 to May 15 1915
- Ypres Belgium
What is the Iron Curtain, why was it made
- The line between Western Europe and Eastern Europe was named the “iron curtain”
- The USSR had fought the NAzis out of Eastern Europe and wanted a buffer zone between them and the rest of Europe… these were called satellite states (poland, east germany, hungary, romania etc). Communist governments were installed in these countries and their people could not leave or communicate with the outside world
What was the main thing that happened in Ypres
- First time poisonous gas was used, April 1915. This gas burned peoples eyes and lungs and causes people to choke to death. The french front lines were hit hard by this gas so Canadians were sent in as reinforcements.
- Both sides then started equipping there soldiers with the knew discovered weapon: Chlorine gas witch got stronger as the war went on
- The gas was not as effective as hoped and usually disappeared quickly and if the wind suddenly changed it could harm their own soldiers.
- As soon as the Canadian soldiers arrived in europe they were sent to help with the war in Ypres, Belgium
What is DIEFENBAKER - the bill of rights, what did it recognize
- John Diefenbaker, Canada’s 13th Prime Minister, introduced the Canadian Bill of Rights in 1960 as a landmark piece of legislation to protect civil liberties and human rights at the federal level
- The Bill recognized fundamental freedoms such as religion, speech, and assembly, as well as legal rights like due process
