ww2 Flashcards
appeasement
yielding an enemies demands to keep peace
Munich pact
agreement in which britisn and France appeased Hitler by agreeing that Germany could annex the Sudetenland, a german speaking region of czechoslovakia
Stalin
- Totalitarianism: gov. controls all aspects of life
- 2 main goals
- modernize industry and raise agriculture
- targeted people he thought would overthrow him
- KGB enforced him
- 5 year plans
- gulag (labor camps)
Benito Mussolini
- Fascism: extreme nationalism (state first, liberty second)
- favors military
- Black shirts
- outlawed political parties, and labor unions, censored press
- felt wrong about T of V
Adolf Hitler
Nazism: Fascism and Racism, Aryan superiority
- wanted to expand
- abolishes weimer republic
- Der Fuhrer
- broke T of V
Hirohito/ Hideki Tojo
Hiohito- political leader Hideki- military leader -militarism: focuses on military -emporer goes along with what hideki says -called for expansion -Tojo became Japans Prime Minister
what does FDR do as dictators rise to power
stays out of it “good neighbor policy”
- 21 countries follow his lead
Hitler did what to test the L of N
builded germanys army
What did mussolini do to test the L of N
invaded ethiopia
non-agression pact
between stalin and hitler, to avoid a war on 2 fronts after he attacked poland,
blitzkrieg
lightning war, germany military strategy during ww2 of attacking without warning
fascism
political movement based on extreme nationalism, state first, liberty second
totalitarianism
gov controls all aspects of society, including economy
nazism
form of fascism that promoted the belief that germans and other nordic peoples were superior to other races
spanish civil war
spanish military and its right-winged allies known as nationalists overthrow spains democratic republic
neutrality acts
congress passes laws to keep the US neutral
Barbarossa
- Hitler was worried about stalin
- invasion of soviet union
- soviets used scorched earth policy
- Soviets defeat the germans in stallingrad by blocking off supply lines
fall of france
Hitler attacks france, using blitzerig tactics
-britian a\tried to evacuate as many soldiers as possible, as France was falling Musolini declared war on britian and france.
what happened after france fell?
germany occupied 3/5ths of the country, portion became a puppet government
puppet government
gov run by citizens of a conquored country who carry out the policies of the conquorer.
what happened to britian after france fell?
hitler bombed them, and attacked british ships, ports, and airfeilds, british defended
lend- lease act
legislation passed by congress in 1941 adopting a plan to lend arms to britian
axis powers
German, Italy, Japan
Allied powers
France, Britian, US
rome- berlin axis
forgen an alliance between italy and germany
when did hitler break the munich pact
when he invade czechoslovakia and seized control of prague
what did the US do to stop japan?
sent loans to china, froza japanese assets, and blocked vital resources like oil to japan.
what was damaged in pearl harbor/ how many died?
18 ships, 300 aircraft, 2,400 dead, 1,200 wounded
after the US declared war on japan, who declared war on the US
Germany, and Italy
war production board
federal agency set up to manage the conversion of industries to military production during WW2
examples of wartime production board changes
- switch from automobile engine manufacture to tanks and plane engine manufacture
- soft drink company to making artillery shells
what did the war time production end?
the depression
NWLB
was set up to mobilize labor
what did the OPA do?
instituted price controls, a system of legal restrictions on the prices charged for goods.
what did rationing do?
kept the US from over consuming scarce goods
what are ways americans contributed to the war effort?
- car pools
- bikes to work
- recycled metals, paper, rubber
- victory gardens
what does GI mean?
Government Issue
what was a GI
nickname for soldier during ww2
how many americans joined the war effort after pearl harbor?
6 million
what did Roosevelt do after pearl harbor
made anyone of german, Italian, or Japanese descent turn in all camera’s and weapons, and carry a special identification card.
what were these people referred to as (after pearl harbor)
enemy aliens
interniment camps
a center for confining people who have been relocated for reason of national security
executive order 9066
declared that large military zones could be set up to exclude current residents who were believed to threaten national security FEB 1942
military used executive order 9066 to do what?
launch a mass evacuation of Japanese from the pacific coast
why were japanese attacked more than italian and german americans?
there were a lot less Japanese than there were italian and germans
Korematsu VS U.S.
declared that the gov had a right to keep Japanese americans in the internment camps (he wanted to stay with his american girl friend)
what was life like in internment camps?
high barbed wire fences, machine gun towers
after beign released from the internment camsps, where did most go?
to fight in war, 442nd regimental combat team
what happened to women as ww2 progressed?
they got better paying jobs and did more
women army corps
a womens unit of the US army, est. 1942
navy women
WAVES
coast guard women
SPARs
double v campaign
double victory, victory for democracy at home and abroad
tuskegee airmen
first black combat unit in 1941, were pilots, served as bomber escorts, only group to never loose a bomber to enemy planes
Philip Randolph
got Roosevelt to sign executive order 8802 JUNE 25, 1941
executive order 8802
outlawed discrimination by defense contractors
what did executive order 8802 help?
helped pve the way for nearly a million black americans to work for defense industries during the war
Kistallnacht
night of broken glass, mobs smashed jewish owned shops, burned buildings and synagogue’s,
St. Louis
carried 930 jews from germ to Cuba, cuba refused to accept them, roosevelt then ignored their plea’s for help, ship turned around, many died in concentration camos
war refugee board
arranged for jewish refugees to saty at centers in Italy and North Africa, as well as in former US army camps,
what factors kept officials from accepting jews into the country
worried that it would raise anti-semetic feelings, also espionage and sabotage from nazi’s
jewish GI’s
felt the sting of prejudice from all sides, had new experiences, leaving home
how did mexicans view joinign the war
a way to prove their loyalty to the US
Bracero Program
manual labor, mexican americans recieved short term contracts to come to the US to work, usually farm labor
barrio
a neighborhood, in mexican american cultures, crime rates were high
zoot suit riots
baggy pants and broad brimmed hat, with a long suit coat, usually teenagers wore them. tended to be associated with street gangs.
-were clashes between sailors and mexican american youths who wore these zoot suits. the mexicans were arrested
final solution
the systematic extermination of jews
precision bombing
bombed specific targets
saturation bombing
rapid release of a large number of bombs over a wide area
d- day/ operation overlord
troops crossed the english channel by ship and deploy onto the beaches of normandy, France. JUNE 6th.
holocaust
the systematic state-sponsored persecution and murder of jews and other minority groups by the Nazi’s
battle of the buldge
was the last german offensive on the western front
VE day
victory in europe day MAY 8th…, roosevelt died April 12th before the war was over
Douglas MAc ARthur
- resisted against japanese onslought
- promised that he would return
- finally returned OCT 1944
- fought there until the end of the war
Bataan death march
japanese soldiers rounded up 70,000 survivng starving troops (american and filipino) and marched them to their deaths, up the bataan peninsula, near the Manila prison camp. 63 mile march.
battle of the coral sea
fought by carrier- based aircraft, first naval battle in history in which the ships never came within sight of each other. the Lexington was sunk and the Yorktown was damaged.
code talkers
group of navajo that spoke and was understood by few people. made a good code to transmit vital iformation
battle of midway
US naval victory in the pacific during ww2 that stopped japanese expansion and forced Japan to focus on defense
leapfrogging
strategy used in the pacific war during ww2, which island heavily defended by japanese were bypassed in order to capture nearby islands that were not well defended and then bomb the bigger island from the smaller ones
Iwo Jima
bloodiest battle
fought to the death
okinawa
much was hand to hand, lot of cassualities
why were okinawa and iwo jima important?
if the US took these islands, they could easily bomb and defeat Japan
Manhattan project
top secret US gov project that invented the atomic bomb
why would only the atomic bomb end the war?
the japanese were stubborn and didn’t want to end fighting even though they had lost
eisenhower
beleived that japan was looking for a way to surrender without loosing honor
what happened Aug 6th
atomic bomb dropped on hiroshima 80,000 dead
what hapened Aug 9th
atomic bomb dropped on NAgasaki, killing 40,000 instantly
VJ day
victory in Japan Aug 14th
who had the most war casualties
Soviets - 2o million
how many US casualties
400,000 americans
world bank
designed to provide loans to help countries recover from war
UN
was the product of the GATT general agreement on tariffs and trade
universal declaration of human rights
document adopted by the UN, affirming basic human rights of life liberty, equality, freedom of religion, expression and assekmbly
war crimes
violation of internationally accepted practices related to waging war
Yalta confrence
discussed punishment for ar criminals
nurember trials
an international military tribunal convicted NAzi leaders of war crimes
GI Bill
provided federal funds to help returning GI’s make the transition to civillian life. the funds would make it easier for vets to continue their education and buy a home
geneva conventions
series of international agreements that set rules for proper conduct towards sick wounded enemy soldiers and the civillians who take care of them
ICC
international criminal court, has the power to try individuals accused of genocide , crimes against humanity, war crimes, addn the crims of agression
