Imperialism Flashcards
Foreign Policy
goals, principles, and practices that guide a nation in its relationships with other countries
Washingtons farewell adress
when he left office, gave his thoughts about foreign policy
what did Washington say foreign policy should be free of?
emotion, right, and wrong
what is dangerous about permanent attactchmgents to other nations (3)
- make bias decisions
- war, through alliances
- stronger might control the weaker nation
what does Washington suggest about foreign policy?
to only make temporary alliances
what does Washington say about commerce?
trade equally with all countries (britian, russia, ect)
what does washington say about favors?
don’t ask for favors, be independent
diplomacy
conducting negotiations with other nations- can lead to informal agreements called treaties
what is realism?
relations with other countries should be guided by national self-interest (pursue objectives that benefit americans)
what is idealism?
belief that values and ideas should influence how countries relate to one another (we work for all people to promote democracy, liberty, ect)
what is the difference between idealism and realism?
realism wants americans to benefit, while idealism wants the world to benefit
neutrality
the policy of not taking sides in wars between other nations
unilateralism
a policy of not seeking military or political alliances with foreign powers
neutrality during war of 1812, what did america do?
while US was neutral, France and GB seized US boats, that were trading goods with the other. this violated their neutral nation rights.
what was the war of 1812
war between US and GB, over British seizure of US ships and US sailors. 1812-1814. ended in a draw.
monroe doctrine
by James monroe in 1823, warning european powers against colonization in the western hemisphere, or interference in latin american republics.
non-interference
James monroe’s policy of warning european powers against interference in latin american republics
-Do not interfere
non-colinization
James monroe’s policy of warning european powers from colonization in the western hemisphere.
-Do not colonize
what 2 policys made up the monroe doctrine
non-interference and colonization
what was the Louisiana purchase?
Thomas Jefferson asked France for New Orleans port, was given Louisiana territory, 828,000/ 15 mil, good deal
in 1803 who controlled america’s current west coast?
Spain and Britain
what territory was given to the US in 1819?/ by who?
Florida, by Spain
who did the US buy Alaska from/ good deal?
Russia, yes, 7.2 mil, lot of natural resources
what was 54 or fight about?
the US expanding, and wanting the entire Oregon territory, fought with GB for 45’ latitude for the boundary to be pushed, Britain signed a treaty
what deal did the Austin family make with Mexico?
Mex. let Austins start a colony, but only if they learned spanish, become Mex. citizens, and join catholic church
What tensions developed between mexicans and texans?
Texans didn’t like taking orders from Mex. officials
What occured durring the Texas Rev.?/ why do we remeber this?
Mexico attacked the Texas volunteers at the Alamo/ because mexicans killed all the Texans
what happened to texas?
Texans captured Santa Anna, who signed a treaty to make Texas Independent, w/ Rio Grande river, South border.
Texas then became part of the US
what was the annexation of texas?
Was a problem with US because TX allowed slavery, Northerners that opposed slavery voted no to annexation. Texas was made a slave state in the US
Why was there a war between Mex. and US?
the border between the two
what was polk’s foreign policy strategy
Diplomacy, tried to sell new mexico and cali to mexicans.
what did polk do after diplomacy didn’t work?
he provoked a clash with Mex. sent troops to occupy north bank of Rio Grande. Mex attacked, declared war
Who won the Mex war?/terms of treaty/ what treaty
US won, Treaty of Guadalupe- Hidalgo, US paid 15 mil, Mex. gave land to US
what is Imperialism
a policy that inspired colonization, and also extended power and influence through diplomacy or military force.
what did imperialism inspire people to do?
acquire islands that could serve as resupply stations in the Pacific ocean.
Protectorate
a nation controlled and protected by a larger nation
what countries jointly owned the somoan islands?
US, GB, and Germany
who were the somoan islands divided to after ___ gave up its claim to them
US and Germany split them, Britain gave up claim to them
who made up the cuban revolutionary group?
poor whites, free blacks, and slaves, which all demanded independence from spain
who was jose marti
- led the second cuban rebellion
- was forced to leave cuba, went to US
- led war efforts from US
- sailed to cuba to lead revolt, but was killed in combat
cubans rebellion/ y were they angry/ what did spanish do?
- tried to rebel several times
- were angry about bad economy
- spanish sent them to reconcintration camps, and kicked them out of their homes.
Cuban foreign policy/ prez, what did he do?
americans felt bad for the cubans/ Prez Cleveland, strict neutrality
yellow journalism
competed with each other for readers, so they made up stories to get more views
what were the 2 main yellow journalism companys?
New york world and New york journal
mass media
methods of communicating to mass amounts of people, ex: Newspapers
what did journalists stretch the truth about?
about the bravery of cubans during their struggle for idependence
why did yellow journalism cause the US to get involved with cuba?
people pushed Prez McKinley to get involved with Cuba and end neutrality
what was the de lome letter?
a letter written, bad mouthing the president, which angered americans even more, Anti-Spanish
what was the USS Maine/ y did it make americans angry?
a US battleship that was believed to be sunk by Spanish, caused people to be more angry at spain
who was “Butcher” Weyler
- he forced Cubans to leave their homes
- was very cruel/ brutal
- Spanish commander sent to put down uprisings in Cuba
Pulitzer (world) vs. Hearst (journal)/ what did it cause/ what trend did it start?
- 2 journal companys
- struggle over a comic character ownership
- struggle over paper sales provoked the Spanish-American war.
- started the “yellow journalism”
what is an armistice and who was it given to?/ what was Spain’s response
an agreement to stop fighting on both sides, McKinley/ wouldn’t give up Cuba
teller ammendment
after cuba was liberated that the US would leave the Gov. and control of the island, to it’s people.
what was the “splendid little war”
Spanish- American war
where did fighting in S-US war begin?
- Philippines
- US opened fire on Spanish in manila bay, Philippines
- Spanish defeated
Who made up the “Rough Riders”
Volunteer Regiment handpicked by Teddy Rosevelt, made up of Cowboys, college athletes, indians.
San Juan Hill
they key to winning the battle in Cuba durring S-US war
treaty of paris
Spain agreed to -Cuban independence -ceded Puerto Rico to US -ceded Phillippeans to US in exchange of 20 mil
what was the anti- imperialist league?/ what did they believe
organization formed during the war to oppose establishment of US colonies. believed that Imperialism violated the countrys founding principles of freedom and democracy.
what was the platt amendment?
made Provisions to the cuban constitution, allowed the US to intervene in Cuban affairs, and to buy/ lease land for naval bases, like guantanemo bay
big stick policy
prez T. rose “strong arm” approach to foreign affairs, emphasized diplomacy backed by force.
rosevelt corollary
Prez T.Rose assertion that, US could intervene to preserve peace and order in West Hemisphere, to protect US interests
dollar diplomacy
Taft’s approach to foreign policy, focused o ecouraging adn protecting U.S. trade and investment in latin America and Asia
Moral Diplomacy
Wilson’s approach to foreign policy, focused on promoting democratic ideals abroad
self-determination
the right of people of other nations to determine their own Gov., free of outside influence
Philippines idependence
- After US freed Philippines from Spanish, and promised freedom, but didn’t give them independence
- fighting occurred, US won, built schools, and local Gov. for Pilipino’s, further controlling them for the next 1/2 century
Hawaii vs US
- Hawaii was a kingdom,
- their queen was overthrown
- hawaii was annexed to US
- used as a navy port
intrest in china
Russia, France, Germany, all helped china, but demanded favors after war, China gave out land or ““spheres of influence” to these nations
Spheres of innfluence
areas in which a single nation controlled trading rights, as foreign powers did in China during the 1890’s
why was the US interested in china?
wanted to prevent foreign colonization of china, to access Chinese markets
open door policy
stated that foreign nations must allow free trade in china
who owned panama?
columbia
panama canal
canal built by US, throughout the isthmus of Panama to connect atlantic and pacific oceans
Who was Francisco Madero?
- led mexican revolt from dictator Diaz
- maderno took power but couldn’t control country
- was killed by Huerta
what happened between Wilson and Carranza?
Wilson sent troops into mexico to stop Huerta, Mexicans died which angered Carranza, later Carranza gained power of mexico
who is pancho villa/ what happened with US?
- rose up against Carranza
- drew US troops into Mexico, Wilson feared war with them, so he withdrew troops
Puerto Rico and US
- Us set up schools, built roads, Gov, but remainded US power
- became american citizens, almost
Jones act
made puerto Rico a US territory, were citizens, but were not granted all rights of citizenship. (US elections/ No Governor)
Puerto Rico evolves
Political change, elected officials, Became a US commonwealth
boxer rebellion
Chinese uprisings, over other countries influence,
