1920's Flashcards
Alvin Fuller
Gov of Massachusetts, held the lives of Sacco and Vanzetti in his hands. Appointed Abbot Lawrence to investigate
Sacco and Vanzetti Trial/ what made it unfair
were accused of double murder and robery. Unfair trial (Italian Immigrants, Fled army) no clear evidence linking them to the case, they were killed
demobilization/ what did it cause?
act of discharging forces from military service / cause a lot of unemployment
how did the us get into a recession?
high inflation (spending spree w/ credit), and rising unemployment
what also went up along with unemployment?
crime(sacco and vanzetti)
AFL
- american federal union
- dominated the union movement
- represented skilled workers
what did buisness corperations fight?/ what did they do?
unionization reduced wages and paid less atention to safety
what did the wobbolies see as the solution to workers problems?
socialism
iww?
- industrial workers of the world
- members were wobbolies
- goal:put working class in control of machenery, production, and distrobution
general strike
a strike, stopping work, to achieve an objective, conducted by a majority of workers
what did the unions do across the country?
stages strikes
what was the seattle strike?
ship people were refused wage increase and went on strike, paralyzed the whole city
calvin coolidge
- gov of seattle
- called in national guard to keep order
radicalism
favoring change, in social or economic structure
palmer raids
police could go into houses, whenever tf they wanted, and could raid the house
- looked for dangerous weapons
- led by mitchel palmer
red scare
campaign launched by mitchell palmer
back- to- africa movement
led by marcus garvey during 1910’s and 1920’s. promoted the return of blacks to africa
anti- semitism
policies, views, and actions that discriminate against jewish people
Anti- Defamation League
goal: to stop the “false accusation” of the jewish people
Al Smith
New York Governor, Democrat party. Rumors started that if he were elected, the the pope would run the US. Smith spent most of his campaign trying to say that religious beliefs will not threaten the nation.
Warren Harding
Senator of Ohio.
Republican, he campaigned from his “front porch” and let reporters come to him.
promised normalcy to america
normalcy
concept of life before ww1, when the nation could focus on its own domestic prosperity. was promoted by warren harding
free enterprise system
economic system that relies on private ownership of property, competition for profits, and the forces of supply and demand to produce needed goods and services and that discourages government regulation. also known as capitalism.
fiscal policy
the approach of a government to taxes and government spending
teapot dome scandal
Albert Fall leased national oil reserves in Elk Hills, California, and Teapot Dome, Wyoming, to two companies that had bribed him.
Ohio gang
Hardings friends that he gave government positions to. Harry Daugherty, and Albert Fall
were the ones involved in the teapot dome scandal
inheritance taxes
tax charged on assets from someone who has died
herbert hoover
- grew up being poor and an orphan
- became a wealthy mining engineer
- during ww1, headed woodrow wilsons food administration
- believed in promoting business
- republican
Warren Harding
- cut taxes and spending
- free enterprise system
isolationism
gov policy of not taking part in economic and political alliances or relations with other countries
harding Coolidge and hoover were not ___
isolationists
disarmament
process of reducing number of weapons in a nations arsenal or the size of its armed forces
washington naval conference
- Hosted by US, conference with Britain, France, Italy, and Japan.
- discused naval disarmament and resulted in agreements to discus power conflicts in the pacific, to reduce/ limit the size of each nations navy, regulated submarine usage, and banned poison gas
what did the washington naval conference hope to accomplish?
to discourage future wars
kellogg-briand pact
agreement made among most nations of the world in 1928 to try to settle international disputes by peaceful means rather than war
-started with US and France, turned into 62 other nations signing it
Dawes Plan
-american banks would lend money to germany, Germany would use that money to pay reparations to GB and France. GB and France would then repay what they owed american lenders. this circular flow of money increased the amount of money that Germany owed the US.
what president settled problems with columbia over the panama canal?
Harding
who had a policy of nonintervention?
Hoover
how did the ww1 recession fade away?
under the economic policys of the republican presidents
henry ford
- invented the model T car
- mass produced cars and made them affordable
- created the assembly line
what other things did the automobile industry create?
- steel, rubber, oil industries.
- highway construction boomed
- restaurants and hotels, because of hotels
- airplane industry, used to fly mail and passengers
consolidation
merging of 2 buisnesses
holding companies
a corporation that owns or controls other companies by buying up their stock
florida land bloom
a 1920’s get-rich-quick scheme in which estate developers sold many Florida coast lots, some undesirable, to speculators in other parts of the country, causing prices to raise rapidly
what was the stock market like in the past VS now?
wealthy people owned stock, now poor people could as well.
dow jones act
commonly used daily measure of stock prices
Gross national product
the total value of goods and services produced in a country in a year
how much did the US’s GNP rise 1921-2929?
40%
who were the 1920’s really hard for/ why?
farmers, and other urban workers, because of a surplus in crops, caused farm prices to drop
economic boom/ who was in and who was left out
economy prospered as buisness boomed. buisness consolidation led to the domination of most major industries by just a few companies. many farmers and workers were left out of the boom
roaring 20’s
nickname given to the 1920’s bc of the decade prosperity, and technological andvances/ cultural boom
the charleston
- popular dance in the 1920’s
- originated as an african american folk dance in the south
consumer culture
a culture that views the consumption of large quantities of goods as beneficial to the economy and a source of personal happiness
credit
an arrangement for buying something now with borrowed money and paying off the loan over time.
installment buying
an arrangement in which a buyer makes a down payment on a product to be purchased and the seller loans the remainder of the purchase price to the buyer. the purchaser must pay back the loan over time, in a monthly installments, or the seller can reclaim the product.
barnstormer
flew planes for show, was dangerous
popular culture
culture of ordinary people, including music, visual art, literature, and entertainment, that s shaped by industries that spread info and ideas, especially mass media
first radio broadcast
Pittsburgh PA, broadcasted 1920 election at 6 pm
grassroots organization
an organization created and run by its members, as opposed to a strong central leader
league of woman voters
formed in 1920, a grassroots organization created to influence gov and public policy by educating voters about public issues
jeannette rankin
first woman elected into the house of representatives
equal right amendment
proposed, but unratified constitutional amendment first introduced in1923 by Alice Paul for the purpose of guaranteeing equal rights for all americans regardless of gender.
what did most woman do differently in the 1920’s?
cut their hair shorter, wore makeup, wore shorter dresses. began to drink alcohol/ smoke in public
margaret sanger
opened first family planning clinic, was arrested and jailed. at the time distributing birth control information was illegal in every state. she created “Planned Parenthood”
jazz
music from developed by african americans beginning in the 1910’s and was influenced by blues, ragtime, and european and african musical traditions
jazz age
era during the 1920’s in which jazz became extremely popular
improvisation
a process by which musicians make up music as they play, rather than relying solely on printed notes
cotton club
most famous jazz club in harlem
what spread jazz?
radios/ night clubs
harlem renaissance
an era of heightened creativity among african american writers, artists, and musicians who gathered in harlem during the 1920’s
lost generation
group of young americans that established themselves as prominent post war writers during th 1920’s (e.e. cummings, eranest hemingway, scott fitzgerald…
spectator sports
a sport that attracts large numbers of fans
who were big sport stars/ their sports
jack dempsey-boxing
babe ruth- baseball
gertrude ederle-swimming
traditionalist
a person who has deep respect for long-held cultural and religious values (old thinking) (rural)
modernists
a person who embraces new ideas, styles, and social trends (new thinking) (urban)
consumer price index
a measure of the cost of basic necesities, such as food and housing
fundamentalism
the belief that scripture should be read as the literal word of god and followed without question
flappers
during the roaring 20’s, a young woman who broke with traditional expectations for how women should dress and behave
crazy youth fads
flag pole sitting, dance marathons, crossword puzzles,
what helped teens become more independent and “crazy”
- cars
- mass media
- magazines/ movies
what did elderly think of teens
that they were reckless and immoral
what changes were made to restore morality in youth
censorship of library books, less sexaully agressive movies, banned long kisses, and positive portrayals of casual sex, 2 feet on floor rule. laws against short skirts and swimsuits,
volstead act
law passed by congress in 1919 to enforce the 18th amendment, which prohibited the manufacture and sale of alcoholic beverages
dry perspective
- improves society
- saw 18th amendment as a victory
- backed prohibition
- immigrants caused alcohol problems
wet perspective
-that prohibition restricts freedom and breeds crime
speaksies
secret club that sold alcohol during the era of prohibition
bootlegging
production sale and transport of illegal alcohol
21st amendment
repealed prohibition (ended it)
creationism
idea that god made the world
eugenics
the idea that the human species should be improved by permitting only people with characteristics judged desirable to reproduce
scopes trial
scopes taught evolution in school. found guilty and was fined
lemon test
a 3 point assessment to determine wether a government action violates the 1st amendment’s.
gov action has to have
-nonreligious purpose
-neither help nor hurt religion
- not result in an “excessive entanglement” of gov and religion
intelligent design
theory that states that some features of the natural world are too complex to have evolved by the means of natural selection. They must have been designed by an intelligent agent, butdoes not state which or who that intelligent agent is
