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WW1 Flashcards

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1
Q

Who was woodrow wilson and what did he do before WW1

A

In 1914, he sent Edward House to Europe to learn of their rising tensions, reported back that they only needed a “spark”

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2
Q

what was the spark of ww1

A

the assasination of franz Ferdinand

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3
Q

who was franz ferdinand

A

heir to the Austro-HUngarian Empire,

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4
Q

who and what group assasinated ferdinarnd/ who all died

A

Serbians, Gavrillo Princip, Franz and his wife died

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5
Q

who declared war on who first?

A

A-H declared war on Serbia.

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6
Q

after the initial war declaration, who were the first countrys to join in on war / who did they side with?

A

Russia, sided with Serbia, declared war on A-H/ Germany declared war on Russia and France. Britian then defended France and declared war on Germany.

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7
Q

main causes of war

A
  • alliance system
  • nationalism
  • militarism
    • Imperialism
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8
Q

who were the central powers?

A

Germany, A-H

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9
Q

Who were the allied powers?

A

Ottoman empire, France, Britian, Russia

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10
Q

nationalism/ what did it create

A

a strong feeling of pride in and loyalty to a nation or ethnic group/ led countries to put nationalism interests first, regardless of consequences (Germany Expanding, rapid growth, wanted Germ to be a world leader)

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11
Q

militarism

A

policy of glorifying military powers and values (trying to match other countrys army sizes)

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12
Q

imperialism

A

Britian and France making colonies in Africa and Asia, provided raw materials and markets for their products.

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13
Q

what did germany want?

A

territory and colonies, to share in lucrative trade, only way to do this was to take from someone else

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14
Q

Wilsons neutrality policy, what was it?

A

US would not take sides in the war. but would offer loans and sell good/ weapons to both sides.

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15
Q

belligerent

A

taking part in war

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16
Q

how did neutrality help americans?

A

bankers, farmers, business man could recover from economic slowdown

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17
Q

how was neutrality complicated?

A

a 1/3 of the country was foreign and had ties to countrys fighting.

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18
Q

statement

A

situation in a conflict in which neither side can make a useful move.

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19
Q

rape of Belgium

A

when germany went through belgium to attack france

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20
Q

shleiffen plan

A

germany was in between Russia and France, would first defeat France by going through Belgium, then attacking Russia with whole German army, would do this to avoid 2 fronts

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21
Q

what was the problem with the shleifen plan?

A

Germany would have to declare war after “striking the first blow”

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22
Q

what did Germany and Britian do after they couldn’t defeat either enemy on land?

A

Germany tried to starve enemies into submisson, to do this they needed to win control of the sea’s

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23
Q

how did the war at sea start?/ what did they do?

A

British blockaded ships that were headed to Germany/ turned back any ships carrying guns/ food/ vital supplies to central powers.

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24
Q

what did wilson say about the war at sea?

A

complained that they were neutral and should be allowed to trade, but did not threaten

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25
Q

why did Wilson not want to threaten britian?

A

they had strong economic ties, trade with britian boosted US economy, businessmen openly supported the Allies

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26
Q

what were U-boats used for?

A

Germany used them to break through british blockade, they were submarine attacks

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27
Q

what waters were considered a warzone?/ why?

A

waters surrounding Britian, U-boats could sink enemy ships without warning, neutral ships were at risk in this zone.

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28
Q

what was the international law on smuggling guns and stuff for other sides

A

that all crew must be removed first, if the ship is sunk, also any merchant ship is allowed to be searched

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29
Q

what was the lusitania?

A

a british liner that was sunk without warning by a U-boat, that killed americans. Germanys response was that the ship was armed.

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30
Q

unrestriced submarine warefare

A

Germany military policy to sink/ attack allied and neutral ships without warning

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31
Q

sussex pledge

A

an agreement with Germany to stop suprise attacks on neutral ships, germany signed this only if the British stopped their illegal blockade. Wilson did not accept their condition

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32
Q

Preparedness movement

A

Led by Ted Rosevelt, pointed out that US was ill-prepared for war

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33
Q

propaganda

A

info or rumors spread by a gov. to promote thier ideas or causes, or to damage an opposing cause. used to persuade

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34
Q

Peace without victory

A

proposed by wilson, wanted to end the war by settling conflicts peacefully.

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35
Q

what happened after wilson proposed peace without victory?

A

Germany planed to launch an “all out war effort” US broke off diplomatic relations with germany

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36
Q

zimmerman telegram

A

Britian had gotten a code by the german foreign minister (zimmerman) that was sent to the german minister in mexico

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37
Q

what was said in the zimmerman telegram?

A

suggested that if theUS entered the war, Mexico and Germany should become allies, Germ would help Mex. recover lost territory

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38
Q

what did the zimmerman note cause in the US?

A

stirred an anti- german feeling across the nation.

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39
Q

why did the US enter war?

A

wilson made a speech about war, and said now he ispro war because of american causalities from german u- boats

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40
Q

selective service act

A

law passed by congress to create a national draft 21-30

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41
Q

american expeditionary force

A

first military to be deployed in France

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42
Q

infantry

A

soldiers who fought on foot

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43
Q

369th regiment

A

african american regiment of the US army

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44
Q

what treaty removed Russia from the war?

A

Brest-Litovsk, Russia gave up large amounts of territory

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45
Q

what was the 369th regiment nick named?

A

the hell fighters

46
Q

combatant

A

a person who physically fights in a war

47
Q

what were howitzers

A

a type of cannon

48
Q

trenh warefare

A

form of fighting fought in trenches

49
Q

big bertha’s

A

largest mobile guns ever used in battle, GERMANY’S,

50
Q

convoy

A

group of vessels or vehicles that travel together, often under the protection of an armed escort

51
Q

chemical weapons

A

germany was first to use weapon containing a poisonous substance

52
Q

tanks invented

A

used to crush barbed wire, and cover allies on the ground as they moved into enemy territory

53
Q

fighting in the sky

A

airplanes used to scout enemy territory , to drop bombs,

54
Q

zepplins/ how did allies defeat them?

A

Germans, cigar shaped air ships filled with gas, allies made fighter planes that blew up the zepplins

55
Q

dreadnaught

A

first modern battleship

56
Q

battleships

A

largest and most heavily armored type of warship

57
Q

Meuse Argonne Offensive/ what did it lead to?

A

Allies attack, goal was to break through the german line and reach the Sedan railroad in france. This was germanys army’s main line of supply, with it cut off, the Germans would fall.
led to an armistice by germany

58
Q

what is an armistice?

A

a truce

59
Q

what were the war casualities?

A

Russia- most deaths total, and most for allies(9,150,000)
Germany- most deaths for Central powers (7,142,558)
USA- 323,018

60
Q

what did war do to europe?

A

caused damage to farms, forests, factories, towns, and homes, roads, bridges, railroads

61
Q

ezra pound

A

American poet that spoke for war- weary populations in US and Europe

62
Q

Elsie Janis

A

an actor that entertained troops and helped raise money for the war

63
Q

womans peace party

A

wanted the US to limit arms, and mediation of the European conflict. they thought this would eliminate economic causes of the war. led by Jane Addams

64
Q

pacifists

A

people for political or moral reasons, oppose all wars

65
Q

conscientious objectors

A

someone that opposes war for religious or political or moral reasons, and refused to serve in armed forces

66
Q

comitte on public information

A

created by Wilson, to “sell” the war to the public. was a Gov. propoganda agency

67
Q

George Creel/ what did he do

A

was chosen by Wilson to be the head of the committee on public information/ he sold the war to the americans, he made movies, blaming germans and making them sound more dangerous than they actually were

68
Q

what were some changes that patriotic fever made (anti-german views)

A

stopped listening to german music, changed german foods to other names “liberty cabbage”- sourkraut, “liberty sausage” - liverwurst

69
Q

four minute men

A

tried to build support for the war, wherever they could. geroge creel was head of committee on public information.

70
Q

what is a bond?

A

certificate issued by gov. the promises to pay back the money that was borrowed, at a fixed rateof intrest on a specific date

71
Q

liberty bonds

A

bond during ww1 that raised money for the allied forces, to fight the central powers

72
Q

war industries board/ who created it?

A

Wilson created it to direct industrial production. made sure supplies and equipment were produced and delivered to the military

73
Q

food and fuel administrations / what were they urged to do?

A

US had to feed the armed forces, americans were urged to conserve food and reduce waste. Also by planting victory gardens (places to grow crops) also urged to conserve energy, by turning off heaters/ not using gas

74
Q

W.E.B. Du Bois

A

urged blacks to serve in the military to show their loyalty and help to gain greater equality

75
Q

Great Migration (pushes/ pulls)

A

new jobs in the north. bc of industrialization and less immigrants from europe

76
Q

great migration

A

mass movement of million of blacks to move up north to get jobs

77
Q

red summer

A

riots over race, because of the great migration

78
Q

what did americans do to immigrants?

A

targeted them, believing them to be spies.

79
Q

who else was targeted other than immigrants

A

anyone that spoke out against the war

80
Q

espionage act

A

law that made it illegal to interfere with gov. foreign policy, or resisting military draft. “obstruction of war effort”

81
Q

sedition act

A

made it illegal to say anything disloyal, or abusive about the Gov. or war effort

82
Q

wobblies

A

nickname for industrial workers of the world, an anti-capitalist labor organization founded in 1905.

83
Q

what often happened to wobblies?

A

they were harassed and called them disloyal, were often arrested and sent to prison for not fighting or supporting war.

84
Q

schenk v US

A

said that schenck’s propaganda against military draft was illegal under espionage act and wasn’t protected under 1st amendment (distributed leaflets to recent draftee’s urging them to resist the draft. interfered with war efforts)

85
Q

symbolic speech

A

conduct that conveys a message without the use of words

86
Q

types of speech that are protected

A
  • pure speech
  • speech-plus (action) (protest, marching, strike)
  • symbolic speech
87
Q

US vs O’brien

A

burning draft cards, (symbolic speech), guilty, can’t do that bc the gov. has “substantial” interest in the cards (made the selective service program work properly)

88
Q

Texas vs johnson (flag burning)

A

(symbolic speech) set an american flag on fire, was convicted of intentionally burning a national flag. was ruled to be protected symbolic speech.

89
Q

what act was declared unconstitutional

A

flag protection act

90
Q

who made the 14 points plan?

A

14 part plan for peace by wilson, to congress

91
Q

what were the goals of the 14 point plan?

A
  • freedom of the sea’s
  • reduce armaments
  • ensure rights to self-determination for ethnic groups
    -set up of league of nations
    -
92
Q

armament

A

a weapon of equipment used in war

93
Q

league of nations

A

international organization, established by allied powers at the end of ww1 to promote international peace and security

94
Q

territorial integrity

A

a diplomatic principle in which nations respect on anthers borders and to not try to gain territory by force from another country

95
Q

big four

A 
there countries made almost all decisions in the treaty of versailles 
Wilson - US
David Lloyd - Britian
George clemenceau - France
Vittorio Orlando- Italy
96
Q

war guilt clause

A

held germany responsible for ww! and required them ti make reparations to the allies to pay for loses and damages suffered during war.

97
Q

reparations

A

payment demanded of a nation defeated in war by a victorious nation

98
Q

mandates

A

former colonies given over by the league of nations

99
Q

collective security

A

a system in which a group of countries commit to jointly dealing with a nation that threatens the peace or security of any one of the countries

100
Q

treaty of versailles

A

peace treaty signed by allies and germany.

  • made Germ. reponsible for the war
  • required Germ. to pay reparations to allies
  • reduced Germ. territory
101
Q

reservationists

A

would vote yes to treaty, only if changes were made: they were concerned with article 10, on collective security, they said that we could be drawn into war w/ out congress approval

102
Q

irreconcilables

A

opposed the treaty, and said no to ratification

103
Q

internationalists

A

supported treaty, thought that greater cooperation among nations could work for the benefit of all. also thought that the US should take its place in the league of nations

104
Q

partianship

A

rivalry between political parties

105
Q

what did wilson do that made him fall ill?

A

he toured america, talking about ratification of the treaty of versailles

106
Q

who talked for wilson while he was sick?

A

his wife edith, she was believed to make all presidential decisions

107
Q

what did the 1920 election show?

A

wether americans wanted the league of nations or not.

108
Q

why was the US not a part of the league of nations?

A

there were more pressing matters for americans to worry about at the time. thought they should worry about themselves first.

109
Q

who won 1920 election?

A

Harding

110
Q

what did the US do about the peace treaty? / league of nations

A

signed a separate peace treaty w/ Germ. / league of nations had begun, without the US. 2 decades would pass before americans would think about collective security

US History (9 decks)

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